Prix mondial du pétrole et production halieutique au Maroc: Approche de couplage d’un MEGC et d’un Modèle Halieutique

This article aims to examine the vulnerability of the Moroccan fisheries sector to the increase in the world oil price and the implications that could have on production, profitability of the fishing activities and state of exploited stocks. The proposed approach to achieve this objective is based on the coupling of a fishery model and a Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGEM) with a consideration of the sustainability of fisheries resources using the biological model proposed by Schaefer. The obtained model shows that the fisheries sector is not sensitive enough to the rise in world oil price. Nevertheless, large increases in this price would have positive consequences for the preservation of fishery resources by forcing the fishery production system to reduce its production both in terms of fishing activities and at the level of halio-industrial activities. This situation may threaten the profitability of energy-intensive fishing activities, especially trawlers, and negatively affect purchasing power and food security. However, if world oil price does not exceed 25% of the reference price, the least fuel-intensive vessels would slightly increase their catches, taking advantage of the lower supply of products from other energy-intensive fleets. Keywords: Bioeconomic model, CGEM, fishing, oil price, productionCet article a pour objectif d'examiner la vulnérabilité du secteur halieutique marocain face à l’augmentation du prix mondial du pétrole et les implications que cela pourrait avoir sur la production, la rentabilité des activités halieutiques et sur l’état des stocks exploités. L’approche proposée pour atteindre cet objectif, repose sur le couplage d’un modèle halieutique et un Modèle d'Équilibre Général Calculable (MEGC) avec une prise en compte de la durabilité des ressources halieutiques en utilisant le modèle biologique proposé par Schaefer. Le modèle obtenu montre que le secteur halieutique n'est pas assez sensible à la hausse du prix mondial du pétrole. Néanmoins, de fortes augmentations de ce prix auraient des conséquences positives sur la préservation des ressources halieutiques en forçant le système de production halieutique à baisser sa production tant au niveau des activités de pêche qu’au niveau des activités halio-industrielles. Cette situation risque de menacer la rentabilité des activités de pêche énergivores, en particulier les chalutiers, et affecterait négativement le pouvoir d'achat et la sécurité alimentaire. Toutefois, si le prix mondial du pétrole n'excède pas 25% du prix de référence, les navires les moins exigeants en carburant augmenteraient légèrement leurs captures, profitant de la baisse de l'offre des produits provenant d’autres flottes énergivores. Mots clés : Modèle bioéconomique, MEGC, pêche, prix pétrole, productio

Impact des prix mondiaux des produits de pêche sur le secteur halieutique Marocain: Application d’un MEGC pour le secteur Halieutique

This work examines the impact of rising world prices of fishery products on the production and profitability of fishing activities as well as the state of exploited stocks. For this purpose, a computable general equilibrium model (CGME) coupled with a biological model is used. This model makes it possible to integrate the sustainability of exploited stocks. The results show that the continued increase in world prices for fish products would lead to a sharp increase in production accompanied by a sharp decline in the biomass of exploited species. Thus, once these prices increase by 10%, the results suggest that the average production per species should not exceed 20% of the production of the reference year. These results assume that the "maximum sustainable yield" represents the reference point for fisheries management. In addition, the 15% increase in world prices for fish products would result in a 2% decrease in domestic sardine prices, which will contribute to domestic food security. This same increase could lead to a slight improvement in government revenue (0.4%) and GDP (0.3%). Keywords: CGEM, sustainable fisheries, world prices, fishery productsCe travail examine l'impact de la hausse des prix mondiaux des produits de pêche sur la production et la rentabilité des activités halieutiques ainsi que l’état des stocks exploités. Pour cet objectif, un modèle d'équilibre général calculable (MEGC) couplé avec un modèle biologique est utilisé. Ce modèle permet d’intégrer la durabilité des stocks exploités. Les résultats montrent que l’augmentation continue des prix mondiaux des produits halieutiques pourrait entraîner une forte augmentation de la production accompagnée d'une forte baisse de la biomasse des espèces exploitées. Ainsi, une fois ces prix augmentent de 10%, les résultats suggèrent que la production moyenne par espèce ne devrait pas dépasser 20% de la production de l'année de référence. Ces résultats supposent que le "rendement maximal soutenable" représente le point de référence pour la gestion des pêches. En outre, l'augmentation de 15% des prix mondiaux des produits halieutiques entraînerait une baisse de 2% des prix intérieurs de la sardine, ce qui contribuera à la sécurité alimentaire domestique. Cette même augmentation pourrait entraîner une légère amélioration des recettes publiques (0,4%) et du PIB (0,3%). Mots clés : MEGC, pêche durable, prix mondiaux, produits halieutique

Indicateurs de performance économique des senneurs côtiers: Cas de l’Atlantique Centre du Maroc

The small pelagic fishery covers more than 80% of national fish production with more than one million tonnes of catch near coastal areas. This fishing intensity in such a limited area could lead to overfishing and a decline in the economic activity of the coastal purse seiners. Given the possibility of this threat, this article aims to study the economic performance of coastal purse seiners based on their operating accounts. Of a total of 557 registered coastal purse seiners, 128 were studied. On average, they generate a turnover of 2.97 million MAD / year and an annual added value of 2.02 million MAD / boat. Vessel size, operating costs, composition of landings and destination markets are the main factors influencing the economic performance of coastal purse seiners. The retained economic performance indicators are the return on investment and the profit margin. These represent respectively 9.2% and 9.7% for large vessels, and 0% and -0.1% for small vessels. These low levels constitute a major obstacle to the regular renewal of fishing units, due to the relatively high average annual bank credit interest rate (12.5%). Keywords: Indicators, economic performance, coastal purse seiners, MoroccoLa pêche aux petits pélagiques couvre plus de 80% de la production halieutique nationale avec plus d’un million de tonnes de capture près des zones côtières. Cette intensité de pêche dans une zone aussi limitée pourrait entraîner une surpêche et une baisse de l’activité économique des senneurs côtiers. Compte tenu de la possibilité de cette menace, cet article vise à étudier les performances économiques des senneurs côtiers sur la base de leurs comptes d'exploitation. Sur un total de 557 senneurs côtiers enregistrés, 128 ont été étudiés. Ces derniers réalisent en moyenne un chiffre d’affaires de 2,97 millions MAD/an et une valeur ajoutée annuelle de 2,02 millions MAD/bateau. La taille des navires, les coûts d'exploitation, la composition des débarquements et les marchés de destination constituent les principaux facteurs influençant la performance économique des senneurs côtiers. Les indicateurs de performance économique retenus sont le retour sur investissement et la marge bénéficiaire. Ceux-ci représentent respectivement 9,2% et 9,7% pour les grands navires, et 0% et -0,1% pour les petits navires. Ces faibles niveaux constituent une entrave majeure au renouvellement régulier des unités de pêche, en raison du taux d'intérêt annuel moyen du crédit bancaire relatievement élevé (12,5%). Mots-clés : Indicateurs, performance économique, senneurs côtiers, Maro

Economic performances indicators of coastal purse seiners: Case of Atlantic Center of Morocco

The small pelagic fishery covers more than 80% of national fish production with more than one million tonnes of catch near coastal areas. This fishing intensity in such a limited area could lead to overfishing and a decline in the economic activity of the coastal purse seiners. Given the possibility of this threat, this article aims to study the economic performance of coastal purse seiners based on their operating accounts. Of a total of 557 registered coastal purse seiners, 128 were studied. On average, they generate a turnover of 2.97 million MAD / year and an annual added value of 2.02 million MAD / boat. Vessel size, operating costs, composition of landings and destination markets are the main factors influencing the economic performance of coastal purse seiners. The retained economic performance indicators are the return on investment and the profit margin. These represent respectively 9.2% and 9.7% for large vessels, and 0% and -0.1% for small vessels. These low levels constitute a major obstacle to the regular renewal of fishing units, due to the relatively high average annual bank credit interest rate (12.5%)

Arab Thought and Revolution as Event: Towards New Affective Registers of Critique

Historical events create the conditions under which thought processes develop in ways that make them symbolic of a whole generational shift, where a new cultural temporality comes to the fore both as un-concealment and as strategy. Significant shifts in the production of knowledge often suggest an epistemic and temporal break with the past where the relationship between event and theory is moved not merely by the new forms of knowledge it creates, but also by the new cultural temporality that these forms of knowledge bring to the fore as a strategy. In this article, I rehearse questions of an epistemological nature that grapple with the relationship between the people’s movements in the Arab region, as ethical events, and how these may have played a role in shifting the focus of Arab philosophical debate concerning questions of time, history and the body. Here, I rehearse the following questions: What kind of a thought/event conjecture are we dealing with in the case of the Arab/North African region? What is the connection between the movements as events, and the emerging Arab intellectual subject?  And finally, what have the movements taught us about the relationships between thought, theory and the everyday

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Impact of world prices of fishery products on the Moroccan fishing sector: Application of a CGEM for the fishing sector

This work examines the impact of rising world prices of fishery products on the production and profitability of fishing activities as well as the state of exploited stocks. For this purpose, a computable general equilibrium model (CGME) coupled with a biological model is used. This model makes it possible to integrate the sustainability of exploited stocks. The results show that the continued increase in world prices for fish products would lead to a sharp increase in production accompanied by a sharp decline in the biomass of exploited species. Thus, once these prices increase by 10%, the results suggest that the average production per species should not exceed 20% of the production of the reference year. These results assume that the "maximum sustainable yield" represents the reference point for fisheries management. In addition, the 15% increase in world prices for fish products would result in a 2% decrease in domestic sardine prices, which will contribute to domestic food security. This same increase could lead to a slight improvement in government revenue (0.4%) and GDP (0.3%)

World price of oil and fish production in Morocco: Coupling approach of a MEGC and a Halieutic Model

This article aims to examine the vulnerability of the Moroccan fisheries sector to the increase in the world oil price and the implications that could have on production, profitability of the fishing activities and state of exploited stocks. The proposed approach to achieve this objective is based on the coupling of a fishery model and a Computable General Equilibrium Model (CGEM) with a consideration of the sustainability of fisheries resources using the biological model proposed by Schaefer. The obtained model shows that the fisheries sector is not sensitive enough to the rise in world oil price. Nevertheless, large increases in this price would have positive consequences for the preservation of fishery resources by forcing the fishery production system to reduce its production both in terms of fishing activities and at the level of halio-industrial activities. This situation may threaten the profitability of energy-intensive fishing activities, especially trawlers, and negatively affect purchasing power and food security. However, if world oil price does not exceed 25% of the reference price, the least fuel-intensive vessels would slightly increase their catches, taking advantage of the lower supply of products from other energy-intensive fleets

Performance improvement of photovoltaic cells using night radiative cooling technology in a PV/T collector

International audienceThe solar radiation absorbed by the photovoltaic thermal systems and not transformed into electricity creates a thermal problem that significantly influences the reliability and efficiency of the photovoltaic cells. In order to passively solve this problem in the hot arid climate, the night radiative cooling technology was proposed in this work, where the water of the system was cooled by circulating in the collector exploiting the proposed technic, and it was used the next day for cooling the photovoltaic cells. For this aim, a mathematical model was developed to present the dynamic thermal behaviour of the PV/T water-based collector, based on the energy balance of its components. Then, the proposed model was validated using the experimental data available in the literature and it was used to study the effect of the glazing and the masse flow rate of water on the cooling performance. The main result indicates that the proposed method reduces the daily temperature of the photovoltaic cells by 3 to 5°C which improves their monthly gain of electrical energy by 5.5% to 6.15% compared with a conventional photovoltaic thermal collector. Consequently, the proposed method allows profiting of the annual potential of the night radiative phenomenon which saved 18.49 kWh as an annual gain of electrical energy

Chemical characterization of oil from four Avocado varieties cultivated in Morocco

The notable growth in the use of avocado oil in the nutritional and cosmetic field was the main objective to valorize the oil production of important varieties of avocados existing in Morocco by analyzing its chemical composition in fatty acids, sterols, tocopherols and its physico-chemical properties. Oleic acid is the main fatty acid in the oil; they constitute between 50 and 65% of the total fatty acids. The study of the unsaponifiable fraction revealed that avocado oil contains 3259.9–5378.8 mg/kg sterols and 113.13–332.17 mg/kg tocopherols. Chemo-metric tools were employed in manner optimization, such as principal component analysis, agglomerative hierarchical clustering, analysis of variance, and classification trees using Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector. Chemo-metric tools revealed a difference in the composition of fatty acid, sterols, and tocopherol of avocado oil samples. This difference resulted from a variety of avocado fruits. Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) method was efficient distinguishing avocado oil samples based on fruit variety using fatty acids, tocopherols, sterol compositions and total sterol. Principal component analysis (PCA) method allowed the distinction the set avocado oil dataset based on fruit varieties, supplied a correct discrimination rate of 95.44% for avocado fruit varieties using the fatty acid. Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) carried out using the same variables, also provided an acceptable classification rate of 50% for avocado fruit varieties using the total tocopherol content. Besides, a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties in terms of acidity index, saponification index, iodine index, chlorophylls, carotenoids, and methyl and ethyl esters was performed