A Histopathological Study And Antioxidant Effect Of Ginger To Diminishing Poisoning Lead Acetate-Induced Hepatopathy In Rabbits For Three Months.

Lead acetate is an example of heavy metals that for decades being known for its adverse effects on various body organs and systems such that their functions are compromised. The present study, carried out to evaluate histopathological changes in rabbits liver induced by lead acetate toxicity and to investigate the therapeutic effects of ginger against lead poisoning. Ginger is source of antioxidants was administered orally to prevent the adverse effects of lead acetate. Thirty rabbits, randomized into 3 groups (n = 10), were used for this study. Animals in group (A) served as the control and were drinking distilled water. Animals in groups (B) and (C) were drinking 2% lead acetate. Group (C) animals were, in addition to drinking lead acetate, treated with 100 mg/kg/rabbit of ginger. All treatments were for 3 months. The obtained results showed that lead acetate caused histopathological changes were seen in the liver such as (vacuolation, degeneration, fibrosis and inflammation) and a significant reduction in plasma superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, but a significant increase in plasma malondialdehyde concentration, using ginger cause to modified these harmful effects. These findings lead to the conclusion that ginger significantly decreased the adverse harmful effects of lead acetate exposure on the liver as well as ginger may exert its protective actions against lead induced histopathological changes in liver tissue. Keywords: Ginger, Lead acetate and hepatopathy

Comparative studies of rice wine production from synergistic and individual activities of lactic acid bacteria and yeast isolated from fermented foods

Rice wine is an alcoholic beverage of cereal produced as a result of saccharification and fermentation of rice, by action of microorganisms and enzymes. The comparative studies of rice wine production from synergistic and individual activities of lactic acid bacteria and yeast were investigated. Isolation and identification of LAB and yeast were carried out using API 50 CHL and API 20 AUX respectively, and the pure cultures of these isolates were inoculated at different concentration (50-50, 70-30, 100%) respectively into the rice substrate, and fermented for seven (7) days. The identified isolates were Lactobacillus plantarum and Candida krusei. Results obtained from the physiochemical and proximate analysis of rice wine after fermentation shows that alcoholic content of rice wine produced with C. krusei (100%) had higher value of 36.83% compared to rice wine produced with L. plantarum (100%) whose value was 4.52%. pH, total titratable acidity, and temperature after fermentation were between ranges of 2.4-4.5, 0.09-0.675 and 34oC-39oC respectively. The proximate analysis of rice wine indicates that, with L. plantarum and C. krusei (50-50) had a higher total soluble solids of 9.65% compared to rice wine produced with a (70-30) concentration, with the value 8.95% , rice wine produced with L. plantarum and C. krusei (70-30) has a higher moisture and energy content of 91.1% and 137.1kcal/g respectively compared to rice wine produced with yeast (100%) whose values were 90.8% and 79.2% kcal/g values respectively. Rice wine contains several organic acids which helps in the digestion of food and promotes better blood circulation and enhances body metabolism

An investigation into the potential use of computer-assisted learning for the Saudi Arabia Coast Guard

In this paper the potential of computer programs is discussed and the capability of Computer Assisted Learning, (CAL), in helping the students and teachers in school for the learning process is evaluated. At the beginning of this paper an introduction to Saudi Arabia Coast Guard (SACG), training in SACG and the role of the Naval Training Division in the headquarters of SACG is provided. An introduction to basic knowledge of computers follows. Technology in education is discussed and the computer as a medium used in education in general is investigated. The classification of computers in education and different modes of CAL is explained. After that the paper investigates the possible use of computers in Maritime Education and Training, (MET), its advantages and limitations. Software evaluation, selection and legality are also discussed. Moreover, the educational software in MET is investigated. In conclusion, the paper clearly states that CAL is suitable for use in MET institutions and that educational software can play a significant role in MET too

Modeling and analytical simulation of a smouldering carbonaceous rod

Modeling of pyrolysis and combustion in a smouldering fuel bed requires the solution of flow, heat and mass transfer through porous media. This paper presents an analytical method for describing the smouldering of a porous carbonaceous rod. We assume that no local thermal equilibrium exist between the phases. Also, the initial temperatures are assumed to depend on space variable. We prove the existence and uniqueness of solution of the model by actual solution method. The coupled non-linear partial differential equations describing the phenomenon have been decoupled using parameter-expanding method and solved analytically using eigenfunction expansion technique. The results obtained were discussed. The study shows that the Frank-Kamenetskii number, Scaled thermal conductivity of gas and solid phases and Species diffusion coefficient have a significant effects on the slow burning process associated with porous carbonaceous rod.Keywords: Pyrolysis, smouldering, combustion, carbonaceous rod, pyrolysis reactions, analytical solutio

GA for Popularity Based Cache Management in ICN

One paragraph only. Information Centric Networks (ICNs) is a new architecture for the Future Internet to deliver content at large-scale. It relies on named data and caching features, which consists of storing content across the delivery path to serve forthcoming requests. In this paper, we study the problem of finding the optimal assignment of popular contents in the available caches storage in ICN. We formulate this problem as a combinatorial optimization problem. Metaheuristic methods are considered as effective methods for solving this problem. We will adapt cache management system based on GA for solving the considered problem in order to minimize overall network overhead

Arbitration law in Qatar: the way forward.

Qatar is among the fastest growing developing countries in all fields. Since the State of Qatar gained independence from the United Kingdom, the Qatari government has been focusing on the formation of state institutions to keep pace with global development. In 1971, Qatar released the first civil and commercial law. The country established the first step towards the separation of civil and commercial transactions of Islamic law. However, the ever-changing nature of business and global economy requires significant economic and societal changes. With the increase of foreign investors in Qatar, there had to be a law governing arbitration in contracts. Therefore, the government promulgated the arbitration clause in commercial contracts; the first code of civil and commercial procedure contains a chapter of the arbitration. However, the provisions of arbitration included in this law are not compatible with the UNCITRAL Model Law. Although there is a shortage in literature regarding arbitration in Qatar, several studies discussed issues related to arbitration in Qatar and called for the adoption of a new separate arbitration law in Qatar compatible with the UNCITRAL one. This prompted Qatar to work on a new draft law of arbitration, especially after the ratification of the New York Convention 1985 by Qatar. However, these studies did not cover other factors which affect arbitration; such as cultural attitude towards arbitration and issues affecting the practice of arbitration in Qatar. Unlike previous studies regarding arbitration in Qatar, this thesis uses multi-methods to get an answer of the main question of the research, which is: Will the new Arbitration Draft Law solve all the issues related to arbitration in Qatar, thereby attracting international companies to Qatar and its law for their arbitration? The thesis reviews the related literature in the first stage. Then it analyses interviews which were held with a number of arbitration stakeholders, the recent Qatari draft law of arbitration, the GCC unified arbitration draft law and the Qatar Financial Centre (QFC) draft law. After that it conducts a comparison between the current provisions of arbitration, the Qatari arbitration draft law and the GCC unified arbitration draft law in light of the UNCITRAL Model Law and the Egyptian Arbitration Law. This multi-methods study results in recommendations which are listed in its conclusion. It is worth mentioning that both the Qatari arbitration draft law and the QFC draft law are considered for the first time in a research study. Also, the interviews which were held for the purpose of this research enrich the outcome as the participants were chosen from various categories of arbitration stakeholder, where some of them represent official entities; such as the Legislation Department of the Ministries Council and some of them are high ranking officials of these entities; such as the Minister of Justice

Biosorption of Fe (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solution using a low cost adsorbent from orange peels

The peels from orange are less expensive biomaterials with excellent adsorption capacities. Orange peels were carbonized at 450 ºC, purified, activated with orthophosphoric acid and modified with citric acid to obtain Modified and Activated carbon which were used as low cost adsorbent to adsorb Cd(II) and Fe(II) metal ions. The effects of initial metal ions concentration; pH; temperature; contact time; and adsorbents dose on the removal of metal ions were investigated. The maximum adsorption occurs at 26 ºC and decreased with increase in temperature while optimum adsorption took place at pH of 6. Both the Fe-MOP and Fe-AOP system attained equilibrium in 60 minutes but Cd-MOP & Cd-AOP attained equilibrium at 45mins. The enthalpy 0f adsorption ranged from 2.48 KJ/mol to 14.418 KJ/mol and the entropy of adsorption ranged from -3.53 KJ/mol to 41.07 KJ/mol for both adsorbents (MOP and AOP). The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process fitted well for pseudo-second order rate expression. Both MOP and AOP has much affinity for Fe(II) uptake than Cd(II) ion and the adsorption data fitted most into Freundlich but the highest adsorption capacity of 0.895 was obtained from Temkin. The presence of hydroxyl, alkyl, ether and aldehyde groups was confirmed by Infrared while the SEM shows porous surface characteristics suitable for adsorption.Keywords: Modified Orange peel, adsorbent dose, Isotherm, adsorption, Activated Orange pee

Conventional and molecular characterization of selected Lactic acid bacteria from fermented corn gruel (ogi) and fermented milk (nono)

Fermented foods have served as important vehicle for microbial flora that have overtime formed a niche as part of the human diet. One of such is the Lactic acid bacteria which are nonpathogenic, extensively disseminated and keenly included in most fermentative procedures. This research was conducted to isolate lactic acid bacteria from fermented food sources. Pour plate method was used for the isolation of bacteria on MRS media. The bacteria isolates obtained from fermented corn gruel (ogi) and fermented milk (nono) were characterized through conventional and molecular methods. A total of six (6) bacteria isolates were recovered and identified to reveal a community of bacteria dominated by Lactobacilli sp and Bacillus sp. Specie identification was based on sequence analysis of 16SrRNA gene resulting in 4 Lactobacilli sp made up of 1 L. plantarum, 2 L acidophilus, 1 L. fabifermentan and 1 Bacillus sp. However, one of the isolates was identified as coccobacilli due to its peculiar structure on the basis of its microscopy and biochemical reaction only. The mean total aerobic bacteria plate count ranged from 2.0×102 cfu/g to 6.5x104 cfu/g. Studies continue to portray lactic acid bacteria as the predominant group of microorganisms that have undergone several studies for food fermentation and have been used extensively as potential sources of probiotics for the production of functional foods

INDEX MODELS ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATION IN SOIL SAMPLES OF SELECTED MOTOR PARKS WITHIN MAIDUGURI, BORNO STATE, NIGERIA

Heavy metal pollution is a global issue of concern which results from both biogenic and anthropogenic activities. Hence, an investigation of soil pollution is pertinent because of its potential threat to human health. The present study examined the concentrations, contamination and pollution load index cum ecological risk factor for some heavy metals in soil samples collected from Borno Express (BOEXP), Tashan Kano (TASKP) and Tashan Bama (TASBP) motor parks within Maiduguri, Borno state of Nigeria. The data obtained showed mean concentration range of 0.34 - 1.18 mg/kg, 0.04 - 0.15 mg/kg, 0.07 - 0.41 and 0.18 - 0.29 mg/kg for Zn, Cr, Cd and Cu respectively. Nonetheless, lead was not detected in any and all samples analyzed. The increasing order of concentrations in the soils followed: Zn > Cu > Cr > Cd, Cu > Cd > Zn > Cr and Cd > Zn > Cu > Cr for BOEXP, TASKP and TASBP motor parks respectively. Notwithstanding, the results showed lower concentrations to the allowable limits of World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, the contamination factor of cadmium in the TASKP fell within the (0.10 – 0.25) category, indicative of slight contamination whereas in TASBP, the calculated value 0.5125 was within (0.51 -0.75) category implying severe contamination. The other heavy metals analyzed showed contamination factor as well as pollution index values < 0.1 indicative of very slight contamination.Keywords: Borno Express, Tashan Kano, Tashan Bama, Motor Parks, Contamination Index

Proximate analysis and total lycopene content of some tomato cultivars obtained from Kano State, Nigeria

Standard analytical techniques were employed to determine the proximate composition and lycopene content of three tomato cultivars namely: Roma VF, Ronita and UTC grown in six local government areas of Kano state, Nigeria. Results indicated mean values of 0.15±0.03, 0.16±0.01, 0.15±0.01% titratable acidity; 8.36±0.01, 8.14±0.02, 8.25±0.03% total soluble solids; 1.19±0.04, 1.25±0.03, 1.12±0.01% crude fiber; 2.26±0.05, 2.32±0.02, 2.60±0.02% crude protein; 0.18±0.01, 0.14±0.01, 0.14±0.02% ash content; 90.75±0.03, 88.43±0.04, 84.15±0.01% moisture content; 3.73±0.09, 4.59±0.09, 4.34±0.18 mg/100g vitamin C and 6.88±0.06, 6.88±0.02, 7.83±0.04 mg/100g lycopene content for Roma VF, Ronita and UTC respectively. The levels of the proximate parameters and lycopene contents have shown that the cultivars were of high nutritional quality and can be good sources of raw material for industrial use due to their high total soluble solids which are twice the minimum level recommended for tomato to be employed for industrial processing.Keywords: Antioxidant, lycopene content, proximate composition, tomato cultivar