Comparison of Weibull and Fréchet distributions estimators to determine the best areas of rainfall in Iraq

In this research, an appropriate distribution of the amount of rain will be found in the Iraqi governorates for the period (2006-2014) and the researcher used two important distributions, namely, the Weibull distribution and the Fréchet distribution. Where the specific distribution was determined based on the minimum criteria (the criteria of goodness of fit) and the tests used are the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Rainfall in the Iraqi governorates for the stations (Mosul, Kirkuk, Tikrit, Khanaqin, Rutba, Baghdad, Karbala) is a Weibull distribution using the greatest possible estimation method, while the stations in other provinces (Najaf, Diwaniyah, Maysan, Basra) the Fréchet distribution was the distribution It is better to represent the data of these stations using the method of estimating the greatest possible as well. We also note the superiority of the method of maximum likelihood of least squares

A Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate Extensions for the Inverse Rayleigh Model with Properties and Applications to the Univariate Version

A new univariate extension of the Inverse Rayleigh distribution is proposed and studied. Some of its fundamental statistical properties such as some stochastic properties, ordinary and incomplete moments, moments generating functions, residual life and reversed residual life functions, order statistics, quantile spread ordering, Rényi, Shannon and q-entropies are derived. A simple type Copula based construction via Morgenstern family and via Claytoncopula is employed to derive many bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new model. We assessed the performance of the maximum likelihood estimators using a simulation study. The importance of the new model is shown via two applications to real data sets

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially