Nurses experiences about self sacrifice and martyrdom during imposed war from 1980-1988: an oral history

Abstract Introduction: The imposed war was a war of self sacrifice and martyrdom. Holy defense and the imposed 8-year war were the proofs of Iranians resistance and patience which were recorded in the history. The aim was to study the nurses' experiences about self sacrifice and martyrdom during imposed war on Iran from 1980-1988. Methods: Historical research and oral history were the methods used which were conducted through active interviews. Twenty five nurses were interviewed about their experiences about sacrifice and martyrdom at war. Results: Descriptive themes of experience of nurses include "paramedics role in the war", "accepting responsibility in treatment units with sacrifice", "accompanying with the rest of the medical team in vital activities"," injury and death of nurses during activities", "different working conditions of nurses in the care of victims of chemical injuries and dedication in caring for them", and "creative activities to help the victims in battle field are describing the experiences of nurses involved with sacrifice and martyrdom. Conclusion: The results showed how the war may be the manifestation of the effects of certain conditions of self-sacrifice and martyrdom to the nurses and enhance learning and cause acquiring new experience. Thus, while learning from the experience gained, nurses used the lessons of the past to build the future effectively. Key words: Imposed war, nursing, self sacrifice, martyrdom, oral histor

Epiphrenic esophageal diverticula

Epiphrenic esophageal diverticula (EED) are rare. The estimated incidence is about 1:500,000/year. EED usually result from a combination of esophageal obstruction, functional or mechanical and a point of weakness of the muscularis propria. Most of the symptoms are unspecific, but dysphagia is most common. Chest radiograph, barium esophagogram, endoscopy and manometry are diagnostic tools. The treatment methods are conservative medical therapy, myotomy, diverticulectomy and fundoplication. In addition, endoscopic pneumatic dilation and botulinum toxin injection are a good alternative for symptomatic patients with motility disorders who are unfit for or unwilling to undergo surgery

The Challenges of Pre-Hospital Emergency Personnel in Sistan Area: A Qualitative Study

Introduction: Pre-hospital emergency (EMS) is actually a community-based system that responds to the needs of the injured or patients with emergency and acute illness, outside health care centers until they are transferred to a health facility. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the challenges that pre-hospital emergency personnel face with. Method: This qualitative study was conducted using thematic analysis. Using purposive sampling, 12 pre-hospital emergency personnel in Zabol were included in this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Braun and Clarke method was used to analyze the data. Results: The results extracted from the experiences of pre-hospital emergency personnel included four themes: emergencies as expectations of challenges, new challenges for old and new equipment, challenges of personnel conflict with needs and frequency of roles. Conclusion: According to the results, pre-hospital emergency personnel on mission work face with many problems. In order to improve the quality of services, pre-hospital emergency requires a reform of the organizational structure, reform of administrative rules and regulations, revision of educational programs, provision of the necessary facilities and equipment, employment of human resources needed, revision of the personnel monitoring and evaluation system, as well as providing welfare facilities for personnel

Challenges of COVID 19-Related Quarantine for Diabetes Type 2 Patients

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Thematic analysis of management behaviors of civilian nurses in Iran-Iraq War 1980–1988: A historical research

Background: One of the most important roles of nurses in the war was the application of management interventions, which led to provide better services for the wounded soldiers. The purpose of this study was to explore the Management behaviors of civilian nurses in the Iran-Iraq war. Materials and Methods: The historical research methodology and thematic analysis using in-depth interviews were applied to gather data. This study was conducted in 2010-2012 in five big cities of Iran, and involved 18 male nurses who were selected by purposeful sampling method. Results: The interviews of the nurses revealed a main category as the management behaviors of the nurses in the war. Six subcategories were obtained, namely call up for the war, establishing emergency teams, managing the therapeutic units, managerial innovation during war operations, teamwork and variety of roles of nurses in the war. Conclusions: This study demonstrated how the nurses adapted to the harsh a situation without any previous experience on management in crises such as wars and increased medical treatment facilities outcome using management principles

Experiences of civilian nurses in triage during the Iran-Iraq War: An oral history

Purpose: Nurses played a critical role in performing triage during the Iran-Iraq War. However, their experiences in triage have not been discussed. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the triage experiences of civilian nurses during the Iran-Iraq War. Methods: Oral history method and in-depth interviews were used to collect data to gain the nurses' experiences in triage. Results: Four themes were extracted from the data, which were the development of triage, challenging environment to perform triage, development of mobile triage teams, and challenges of triage chemical victims for nurses. Conclusion: Triage is an important skill for nurses to manage critical situations such as disasters and wars. Nurses have to be competent in performing triage. Involvement in critical situations helps the nurses learn and gain more experience on how to manage unexpected events. Keywords: Military nursing, Nurses, Triage, Iran-Iraq wa

Effect of head nurse empowerment program on staff nurses' job satisfaction at two educational hospitals in Rasht, Iran

Background: Job satisfaction of nurses is an important concept in nursing profession because it influences nursing care. Head nurses play a crucial role in the job satisfaction of nurse staffs. The current study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effect of Head Nurse Empowerment Program (HNEP) on job satisfaction of nurses. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at two educational hospitals in Rasht, Iran. Of 160 staff nurses who were working in eight medical-surgical wards and two Intensive Care Units, 60 were recruited using simple random sampling method. The samples were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. The HNEP was applied to promote the management skills among nurses, which included technical, communicational, perceptional, and diagnostic skills. The data were collected using nurses' job satisfaction questionnaire and analyzed using the Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon Singed Ranks tests. P < 0.05 was set as the significance level. Results: There was a significant difference in the job satisfaction of nurse staff within the experimental group on comparing pre- and post-HNEP phases [78 (65.50) vs. 78 (65.50); P < 0.001]. The job satisfaction also differed between the control and experimental groups [60 (82.25) vs. 128.5 (51.75); P < 0.001]. However, no significant difference [62 (78.75) vs. 60 (82.25); P = 0.129] was found within the control group. The number of satisfied nurse staffs increased in the experimental group from approximately 25% to 76% after HNEP. Conclusions: The HNEP can be used as a promoting tool in the nursing profession. Increasing head nurses' management skills can result in job satisfaction among the staff nurses

Nurses experiences in chemical emergency departments: Iran-Iraq war, 1980-1988

Background: Nurses have played a major role in taking care of the wounded across the centuries. One of the most important roles of Iranian nurses in wartime has been working in chemical emergency departments. This study investigated the nature of nursing practice in chemical emergency departments created in the context of the Iran-Iraq War fought during 1980-1988. Method: This is a history methodology design with oral history and in-depth interview to detect nurses 'actual experiences in chemical emergency departments while taking care of the chemically injured military forces. Findings: Today's nurses emphasize finding new ways to fulfill the present nursing needs and to combine theory and practice in an appropriate framework. Having a retrospective approach to utilize nurses' experience can well clarify the future way to achieve this goal. Conclusion: This study revealed the way the nurses prepared to take care of the chemically injured in miserable situations and their practice in chemical emergency departments. It highlighted their awareness of wartime nursing and the challenging experiences it brings

The wartime experience of civilian nurses in Iran-Iraq war, 1980-1988: An historical research

Background: During the 8 years of Iran-Iraq war, the work of Iranian nurses was essential and efficiently performed, and played a very important role in maintaining the wellbeing of the forces. A review of nurses' activities reveals their experiences and the nature of their activities, an area of study that has not been given due consideration. Method: By adopting the oral history method and in-depth interviews with the participating nurses it was possible to demonstrate the significance and humanistic nature of their work. Findings: The majority of the health care assistants and nurses who joined the armed forces, despite not having prior training in this area of nursing, were able to adapt themselves to the situation very quickly and perform their task successfully. Conclusion: Nurses' efforts and experiences and their outstanding achievement, contributes to our understanding of wartime nursing

The wartime experience of civilian nurses in Iran-Iraq war, 1980-1988: an historical research

Background: During the 8 years of Iran-Iraq war, the work of Iranian nurses was essential and efficiently performed, and played a very important role in maintaining the wellbeing of the forces. A review of nurses' activities reveals their experiences and the nature of their activities, an area of study that has not been given due consideration. Method: By adopting the oral history method and in-depth interviews with the participating nurses it was possible to demonstrate the significance and humanistic nature of their work. Findings: The majority of the health care assistants and nurses who joined the armed forces, despite not having prior training in this area of nursing, were able to adapt themselves to the situation very quickly and perform their task successfully. Conclusion: Nurses' efforts and experiences and their outstanding achievement, contributes to our understanding of wartime nursing