Focused Ultrasound Lipolysis in the Treatment of Abdominal Cellulite: An Open-Label Study

 Introduction: Despite a growing popularity of noninvasive ultrasonic lipolysis procedure, there is a lack of evidence about the efficacy of this method. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of focused ultrasonic lipolysis on abdominal cellulite treatment.Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive subjects (age: 37.8 ± 8 years) underwent weekly transdermal focused ultrasonic lipolysis (Med Contour, General Project Ltd., Florence, Italy) and vacuum drainage for a maximum of eight sessions. Largest abdominal girth and 2 lines at 4 cm to 7 cm distance above and under it were located as fixed points of measurements. The mean value of the three fixed lines was considered as the abdominal circumference. Subjects were evaluated using measurements of circumference, immediately after and 3 weeks after the final treatment and compared using paired t test.Results: One hundred ninety-four ultrasonic lipolysis procedures were performed on 28 subjects. A statistically significant (P < .001) average of 1.89 cm (95% CI: 1.63-2.02 cm) decrease of circumference value was observed in each session of ultrasonic lipolysis. The mean pretreatment to posttreatment circumference reduction was 8.21 cm (95% CI: 6.38-10.04, P < .001) that declined to 7 cm (95% CI: 3.2-10.8, P < .001) at the 3-month follow-up visit. Conclusion: Focused ultrasonic lipolysis appears to be an effective method for reduction of abdominal cellulite, although some amount of circumference reduction reversal may be observed in long term follow-up visit

Optimization of the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastes using Alcalase Enzyme for the Preparation of Protein Hydrolysates

Background and objective: Continuous increases in poultry production have led to increases in slaughterhouse wastes and needs for control of these organic matter-rich wastes. Previously, burning and burial methods were used to control the wastes that contaminated the environment and spread diseases. Nowadays, hydrolysis of the waste proteins is an effective way to produce new added-value products and to control wastes. The aim of this study was to achieve optimal conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of the industrial wastes from poultry slaughterhouses. Material and methods: To achieve the highest hydrolysis efficiency, an experimental design was used based on thesurface response methodology to assess optimum conditions of the hydrolysis reaction parameters. Factors, including temperature (50-70°C), pH (6.5-8.5) and enzyme to substrate ratio (1.5-5.5% (v w-1)), were investigated at five levels using central composite design. Degree of the hydrolysis was considered as response. Results and conclusion: Statistical analysis showed that the regression coefficient (R2) for the model included 0.9592, which indicated a high accuracy of the model to predict the reaction conditions with variables. The highest degree of hydrolysis was achieved as 12.78% at an enzyme/substrate ratio of 3.5%, pH of 7.5 and temperature of 60°C. Under optimized conditions, hydrolyzed proteins included molecular weights less than 14.5 kDa. Results have shown that enzymatic hydrolysis of the whole poultry slaughterhouse wastes is possible using alcalase as a protease enzyme. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

Assessment of the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Gross Motor Development in Children

How to Cite This Article: Amouian S, AbbasiShaye Z, Mohammadian S, Bakhtiari M, Parsianmehr B. Assessment of the Relationship between Body Mass Index and Gross Motor Development in Children. Iran J Child Neurol.Summer 2017; 11(3):7-14. AbstractObjectiveObesity is a growing epidemic and public health problem in children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the gross motor development.Materials & MethodsIn this cross-sectional study conducted in 2012-13 in Gorgan, northern Iran, the gross motor development of 90 children 3-5 yr old in three groups of lean, normal and obese/overweight were evaluated by the ages and stages questionnaires (ASQ) and Denver 2 scale.ResultsTotally, 90 children were enrolled and their developmental level was assessed with two ASQ and Denver II indices. The mean and standard deviation of the ASQ scores of the children was 53.11± 11.06 and based on Denver index, 9 children (10%) were at developmental delay status, 15 (16.7%) in the caution conditions, and 53 (58.9%) at normal developmental status. The developmental level was lower in obese/overweight group comparing with other groups according to both Denver and ASQ and there was a significant difference between obese/overweight group and normal group based in Denver and ASQ, respectively. There was no significant difference between underweight and normal and obese and underweight groups.ConclusionOverweight and obesity could affect on the gross motor development. References1. Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, D’hondt E, Cardon G. Objectively measured physical activit, physical activity related personality and body mass index in 6- to 10-yrold children: across-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009;14;6:25.2. Smetanina N, Albaviciute E, Babinska V, Karinauskiene L, Albertsson-Wikland K, Petrauskiene A et al. Prevalence of overweight/obesity in relation to dietary habits and lifestyle among 7-17 years old children and adolescents in Lithuania. BMC Public Health 2015; 15: 1001.3. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Lamb MM, Flegal KM. Prevalence of high body mass index in US children and adolescents, 2007-2008. JAMA 2010; 20;303:242- 9.4. D’hondt E, Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Lenoir M. Relationship between Motor Skill and Body Mass Index in 5- to 10-Year-Old Children. Adapt PhysActiv Q 2009;26:21-37.5. Hurvitz EA, Green LB, Hornyak JE, Khurana SR, Koch LG. Body mass index measures in children with cerebral palsy related to gross motor function classification: a clinic-based study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2008;87:395–403.6. Osika W, Montgomery SM. Physical control and coordination in childhood and adult obesity: Longitudinal Birth Cohort Study. BMJ 2008; 337: a699.7. Lynch BA, Finney Rutten LJ, Jacobson RM, Kumar S, Elrashidi MY, Wilson PM, et al. Health Care Utilization by Body Mass Index in a Pediatric Population. Acad Pediatr 2015;15:644-50.8. Morano M, Colella D, Robazza C, Bortoli L, Capranica L. Physical self-perception and motor performance in normal-weight, overweight and obese children. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011; 21: 465–73.9. D’Hondt E, Gentier I, Deforche B, Tanghe A, De Bourdeaudhuij, Lenoir M. Weight Loss and Improved Gross Motor Coordination in Children as a Result of Multidisciplinary Residential Obesity Treatment. Obesity 2011; 19:1999–2005.10. Tandon P, Thompson S, Moran L, Lengua L. Body Mass Index Mediates the Effects of Low Income on Preschool Children’s Executive Control, with Implications for Behavior and Academics. Child Obes 2015; 11: 569–76.11. Datar A, Sturm R. Childhood overweight and elementary school outcomes. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006;30:1449–60.12. Nervik D, Martin K, Rundquist P, Cleland J. 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Pediatrics 2006 ;118:1178-86.18. Elbers J, Macnab A, McLeod E, Gagnon F.The Ages and Stages Questionnaires: feasibility of use as a screening tool for children in Canada. Can J Rural Med 2008 ;13:9-14.19. Kerstjens JM, Bos AF, ten Vergert EM, de Meer G, Butcher PR, Reijneveld SA. Support for the global feasibility of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire as developmental screener. Early Hum Dev 2009;85:443-7.20. Glascoe FP. Screening for developmental and behavioral problems. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2005;11:173–79.21. Glascoe FP. Using Parents’ Concerns to Detect and Address Developmental and Behavioral Problems. J Soc Pediatr Nurs 1999;4:24-3.22. Graf C, Koch B, Kretschmann-Kandel E, Falkowski G, Christ H, Coburger S, et al. Correlation between BMI, leisure habits and motor abilities in childhood (CHILTproject). Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004 ;28:22-6.23. Williams J, Wake M, Hesketh K, Maher E, Waters E. Health-Related Quality of Life of Overweight and Obese Children. 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Predicting the incidence of brucellosis in Western Iran using Markov switching model

Objective: Brucellosis is a zoonosis almost chronic disease. Brucellosis bacteria can remain in the environment for a long time. Thus, climate irregularities could pave the way for the survival of the bacterium brucellosis. Brucellosis is more common in men 25 to 29 years of age, in the western provinces, and in the spring months. The aim of this study is to investigate the efect of climatic factors as well as predicting the incidence of brucellosis in Qazvin prov‑ ince using the Markov switching model (MSM). This study is a secondary study of data collected from 2010 to 2019 in Qazvin province. The data include brucellosis cases and climatic parameters. Two state MSM with time lags of 0, 1 and 2 was ftted to the data. The Bayesian information criterion (BIC) was used to evaluate the models. Results: According to the BIC, the two‑state MSM with a 1‑month lag is a suitable model. The month, the average‑ wind‑speed, the minimum‑temperature have a positive efect on the number of brucellosis, the age and rainfall have a negative efect. The results show that the probability of an outbreak for the third month of 2019 is 0.30%

Production of Low-Fat Camel Milk Functional Ice creams Fortified with Camel Milk Casein and its Antioxidant Hydrolysates

 Background and objective: The objective of this study was to produce functional low-fat camel milk ice creams enriched with native camel milk casein or its antioxidant hydrolysates produced by chymotrypsin.Material and methods: Native or hydrolyzed camel milk caseins (0, 2 and 4%) were added to camel milk low-fat ice creams. Hydrolysates were characterized for molecular weights and antioxidant activities. Physical (hardness, overrun and melting resistance) and sensorial attributes of the final products were assessed.Results and conclusion: Results showed that the chymotrypsin-mediated hydrolysis significantly (P<0.05) increased 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity of the native camel milk casein. Apparent viscosity and consistency coefficient of the ice creams were increased by addition of proteins and hydrolysates due to their water holding capacity. Protein/hydrolysates-fortified samples showed higher melting resistances but lower overruns and softer textures, compared to control ice creams with no added native or hydrolyzed camel milk casein. Sensory analysis showed that only samples enriched with 2% of casein hydrolysate included sensory properties similar to those of control camel milk low-fat ice creams and other samples received lower sensory scores. Generally, this study has suggested that camel milk can be used to produce low-fat ice creams. Properties of these ice creams can be modified by adding various concentrations of native and hydrolyzed camel milk caseins.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

Co-authorship Networks of Iranian Researchers' Publications on the Field of Management during a Half-Century (1969-2018)

As one of the main bibliometric concepts, co-authorship has been thoughtfully considered in recent years. Despite many bibliometric studies on the co-authorship in different scientific fields and worldwide countries/regions, Iranian researchers' collaboration in the management field has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the co-authorship networks in the management papers contributed by Iranian researchers indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) during the recent half-century (years, 1969-2018). Bibliometric data on 5414 papers were extracted from WoS and analyzed in Excel, UCINET, and VOSviewer to measure bibliometric indicators, the map needed co-authorship networks, and depict time-based maps and keyword clustering. Findings showed that co-authored papers increased from two items in 1973 to 721 items in 2018. Expert Systems with Applications, African Journal of Business Management, and International Journal of Production Research were ranked first to third in co-authored papers. Top 20 authors published about 17% of papers (946). Islamic Azad University, University of Tehran, and the Amirkabir University of Technology ranked first to third. Most co-authorship frequencies were made from 2012 to 2014. The first to third ranks of collaborating countries were the USA, Canada, and England. Six main keyword clusters were formed, including main topics in the field. In conclusion, Iranian researchers increasingly co-authored in management, especially during the last decade, and published in various journals that some top ones are prestigious journals. However, some gaps need to be bridged by the low contribution of research institutes and universities countrywide and the limited number of authors with high productivity and low collaboration with neighbor countries and influential universities worldwide.https://dorl.net/dor/ 20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.1.19.

Comparison of Apical Transportation with the Use of Rotary System and Reciprocating Handpiece with Precurved Hand Files: An In Vitro Study

Introduction: Success of root canal treatment depends on several factors; among which, maintaining the original canal path during mechanical preparation is extremely important. This in vitro study aimed to compare apical transportation using RaCe NiTi rotary system and precurved stainless steel (SS) hand files in a reciprocating handpiece. Methods and Materials: Mesiobuccal canals of 40 extracted human mandibular first and second molars with 20 to 45° curvatures and 3 to 7 mm curve radius were chosen for this study. After working length determination, the teeth were divided into two groups (n=20). Root canals were prepared with RaCe in group 1 and NSK handpiece and precurved SS hand files in group 2 up to #30 with 2% taper in both groups. Radiographs were taken of teeth before and after instrumentation from buccolingual and mesiodistal directions. The images were superimposed using Adobe Photoshop CS3 software. Degree of straightening and amount of apical transportation at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm levels short of the working length were determined using digital subtraction radiography. The student’s t test was used to compare the degree of straightening and Mann Whitney test was applied to compare apical transportation (millimeters) between the two groups. Results: No significant difference was noted between the two groups on buccolingual or mesiodistal views in degree of straightening and apical transportation on buccolingual view (P>0.05). However, on mesiodistal view, NSK reciprocating handpiece caused greater apical transportation at 0. 0.5 and 1 mm levels (P<0.05). Conclusion: The RaCe system and precurved SS files in reciprocating handpiece were highly similar in terms of degree of straightening and apical transportation. Thus, engine-driven NSK reciprocating handpiece can be used as an efficient adjunct for root canal preparation.Keywords: Canal Transportation; RaCe Instruments; Reciprocating Handpiec

The immediate effect of a balance wobble board protocol on knee and ankle joint position sense in female soccer players

Background: Lower limb injuries are widely recognized as the most prevalent injuries among female soccer players. Joint position sense plays a vital role in muscle reflexes, joint stability dynamics, and movement planning for neuromuscular control. Decreased accuracy in joint position sense can be considered an internal injury risk factor. Objective: The current study aims to investigate the immediate effect of a short-term balance protocol with a wobble board on knee and ankle joint position sense. Methods: Forty female participants were recruited and then randomly allocated into two groups: balance training (BTR; n = 20, age 23.50 ± 1.50 years) and control (CON; n = 20, age 23.10 ± 1.77 years). Knee and ankle joint reconstruction errors were measured using a gyroscope at 60° of knee flexion and 30° of ankle plantarflexion. Following this, the BTR group participated in a short-term balance protocol (one session). Immediately following training and then one hour later, the reconstruction error was measured in both groups. Results: A mixed-repeated measures analysis of variance demonstrated that for the BTR group, the absolute angular error (AAE) before and after intervention decreased by 2.14° and 2.95° in the knee (p = .001) and ankle (p = .001) joints, respectively. In addition, an hour after intervention, the AAE remained below the initial value in the two joints (p = .001). Specifically, in the CON group, the AAE in the knee joint did not show a significant decrease, and similarly, no significant change was observed in the AAE in the ankle joint, and also an hour after the intervention. Conclusions: A wobble board training session may stimulate the sensory receptors of the knee and ankle joints of female amateur soccer players and increased joint position sense accuracy and is present one hour post intervention