Determining the Clinicopathologic Features of Breast Lesions in Iranian Army Families

Background: Breast cancer is the most common disease of women around the world. On the other hand, benign breast diseases also constitute a wide range of breast pathologies that precise information on them is important. This study is conducted aiming to examine the breast pathology reports and determine the frequency of various breast diseases and its relationship with some clinicopathologic parameters in Imam Reza Hospital of army of the Islamic Republic of Iran in a period of 4 years.Methods: Imam Reza Hospital is a referral center for Army employees in Iran. This study is a retrospective descriptive study on patients who undertook biopsy or breast surgery during 2012-2015 in Imam Reza Hospital. After reviewing pathology reports and patient records and completing the required information, a total of 188 patients with 230 samples of breast tissue were included in this study.Results: During the period, 230 samples of breast tissue from 188 patients were sent to the pathology department. 195 samples (84.8%) were related to female patients and 35 samples (15.2%) to males. 112 samples (48.7%) were related to the left breast and 118 samples to the right (51.3%). The average size of tissues was 11.82 ± 8.64 cm. The mean age of patients was 42 ± 14.Conclusions: In this study, a statistically significant relationship exists between the patient sex and final diagnosis, patient age group and final diagnosis, and cell differentiation grade and lymph node metastasis along with samples. In the pathology reports in the center, cell differentiation grade of tumor was completely matched with Nottingham Grading System

Relationship between Phosphatase and Tensin Gene Expression and Clinicopathologic Features of Breast Cancer in Patients who Underwent Biopsy or Breast Surgery

Background: Phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) gene is a tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 10q23 that is composed of 11 exons. Several studies have shown that loss of PTEN function is a common occurrence in breast cancer in particular in triple negative type, and it is significantly associated with age and higher stage of cancer. In this study, the expression of this gene in malignant breast cancer tissue samples and their correlation with clinicopathologic parameters was studied.Methods: In this retrospective study, 65 malignant tissue samples were chosen for immunohistochemistry (IHC) test. Other information about clinicopathologic features were collected from pathology reports and patients’ medical records. IHC on the selected paraffin blocks was performed, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and chi-square test. P < 0.0500 was considered statistically significant.Results: PTEN expression rate in malignant breast tissue was 50.8% of the cases (33 out of 65 samples). Lack of PTEN expression had significant correlation with involvement of the lymph node sent by the sample, vascular or perineural invasion, metastasis and chemotherapy background, spontaneous malignancy presence, familial history, negative progesterone receptor, negative estrogen receptor, and positive her2/neu. No relationship was observed between the expression of PTEN with patients’ age, tumor size, age group of the patients after categorization into two groups of under 50 years and over 50 years, lesion location (left or right breast), and tumor grade.Conclusions: The results showed PTEN loss as a frequent event in breast cancer that is closely associated with progression and poor prognosis. PTEN loss might predict more aggressive behavior and worse outcomes in patients with breast cancer

Assessment of Gender Differences in Temporal Bone Anatomy Using Computerized Tomography Scan Images in Iranian People

Background: The skull is one of the most important parts of the body used to determine gender in forensic medicine. Previous studies have focused on cadavers’ skulls in races other than Aryan race. However, the aim of this study was to focus only on temporal bone of living people in our country and evaluate the metric differences between the two sexes. Materials and Methods: In this is a cross-sectional descriptive analytical study, CT images of patients in Amir Aalam Hospital were selected by the quota-convenience sampling method during 2015-2017. Temporal bone metric indices were calculated and compared in two groups of men and women. Results: The results showed a significant difference in lateral angle of internal acoustic canal, length of mastoid process and the length to width ratio of mastoid process between women and men. But the width of mastoid process, bone thickness and Hounsfield units of squamous part of temporal bone and the angle between squamous part and zygomatic process of temporal bone showed no significant difference between the two groups (men and women). Conclusion: The findings of this study show that certain characteristics of temporal bone alongside other clues can be useful in sex determination. Furthermore, it has emphasized the importance of sexual dimorphism in human anatomy

Association between cardiometabolic risk factors and COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and mortality: a review

This article is made available for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.The novel coronavirus, which began spreading from China Wuhan and gradually spreaded to most countries, led to the announcement by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, as a new pandemic. The most important point presented by the World Health Organization about this disease is to better understand the risk factors that exacerbate the course of the disease and worsen its prognosis. Due to the high majority of cardio metabolic risk factors like obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among the population over 60 years old and higher, these cardio metabolic risk factors along with the age of these people could worsen the prognosis of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and its mortality. In this study, we aimed to review the articles from the beginning of the pandemic on the impression of cardio metabolic risk factors on COVID-19 and the effectiveness of COVID-19 on how to manage these diseases. All the factors studied in this article, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity exacerbate the course of Covid-19 disease by different mechanisms, and the inflammatory process caused by coronavirus can also create a vicious cycle in controlling these diseases for patients

Evaluation of the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) diagnosed, undiagnosed, treated, and treatment goal in the elderly: Bushehr Elderly Health Program (BEH)

Abstract As the population ages, the global burden of cardiometabolic disorders will increase. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cardiometabolic disorders (diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia) in elderly and to evaluate the effects of various variables including age, sex, education, marital status, smoking, income, physical activity, dementia and depressed mood on untreated cardiometabolic disorders. This was a cross sectional study conducted in Bushehr Elderly Health Program. A total 2381 participants were included. Medical data were collected by trained interviewers. The mean age of the study participants was 69.34 years. Proportions of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia were 43.25%, 75.71%, 64.74% and 35.31% respectively. Untreated diabetes prevalence was higher for males (OR = 1.60, 95%CI = 1.20–2.15), older adults (OR = 1.02, 95%CI = 1.00–1.05), and pre-frail status (OR = 0.69, 95%CI = 0.52–0.92). Males (OR = 2.16, 95%CI = 1.64–2.84) and current smokers (OR = 1.42, 95%CI = 1.05–1.93), in contrast to married participants (OR = 0.25, 95%CI = 0.08–0.78), people with higher education levels (OR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.29–0.89) and dementia (OR = 0.78, 95%CI = 0.61–1.00) were more likely to have untreated HTN. Untreated dyslipidemia is more common in smokers (OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.19–2.66) and males (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.21–2.27), while untreated hypercholesteremia is more common in males (OR = 3.20, 95%CI = 1.53–6.69) and is reported lower in people with dementia (OR = 0.53, 95%CI = 0.28–1.01)