Economía del comportamiento y ayudas públicas del Estado: ¿Por qué los iraníes se negaron a renunciar al recibo del subsidio gubernamental? (Un juego múltiple del dilema del prisionero)

This article uses the game theory, more specifically multiple prisoner’s dilemma game, to analyze why Iranians refused to give up on receiving public subsidies in April 2014, in spite of frequent requests of the government. Sample of study consists of two main groups: the ones who were not dependent on government subsidy but were applying for it; and the ones who did not depend either but had fraudulently pretended to depend on government subsidy. some suggestions are presented such as to define chicken game and not prisoner’s dilemma game as the main game.Este artículo utiliza la teoría de juegos, más específicamente el juego múltiple del dilema del prisionero, para analizar por qué los iraníes se negaron a renunciar a recibir subsidios públicos en abril de 2014, a pesar de las frecuentes solicitudes del gobierno. La muestra de estudio consta de dos grupos principales: los que no dependían del subsidio del gobierno, pero que lo solicitaban; y los que tampoco dependían, pero habían fingido fraudulentamente depender del subsidio del gobierno. Se presentan algunas sugerencias, tales como definir el juego de la gallina y no el juego del dilema del prisionero como juego principal

COVID-19 related stigma among the general population in Iran

Funding Information: GT is supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration South London at King’s College London NHS Foundation Trust, and by the NIHR Asset Global Health Unit award. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NHS, the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care. GT is also supported by the Guy’s and St Thomas’ Charity for the On Trac project (EFT151101), and by the UK Medical Research Council (UKRI) in relation to the Emilia (MR/S001255/1) and Indigo Partnership (MR/R023697/1) awards. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Structural Changes in Ashura Literary Works: From Epic to Tragedy and Elegy

The article is to search for answers as to what changes have occurred in today’s Ashura mourning ceremonies to cause concerns amongst the majority of Muslims. After analyzing literary genres of epic, tragedy, and elegy, the conclusion is that one of the most significant changes was a shift from epic to tragedy in Ashura literary works in the previous centuries and then from tragedy to elegy in the previous years. Combining elegy with worldly love has created a certain type of literature whose mourning presents more a social than a religious function. The idea has been illustrated through samples from the available poems and dirges

The Judaic-Christian Perception of Purgatory in the Iranian Cinema

\"Purgatory\" or the interim state in afterlife is a well-known concept which has ocuupied a place in both the world\'s conventional cinema, and what is known as the Iranian meaning-oriented movies. The dominant approach to the issue, as a trasitional phase in afterlife, is thought to have originated in the Judaistic Chirstianity or the Judaic-Christian view. This article first offers a genealogy of the approach and a definition of the concept in Judaic-Christian and Islamic doctrine, and then it surveys its impact on some of the prominent Iranian films containing the above theme in the recent decade. The inconsistency of the approach with Shia view is then discussed and the cinema potential for depicting the latter is explained

Theoretical and Behavioral Conformity in Scientific Ethics Norms of Students

This article aims to achieve the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students and the level of conformity and unconformity of theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students. It also aims to achieve the realities based on the conflicts and to explain factors related to level of conflict of these values. This article has a combined approach ranging from Ethics theories based on inter- role conflict of Dahrendorf, scientific Ethics indicators of Resnick, Merton, Parsons, Goffman and Ethics Growth theories.  Methodology is based on a field survey and its population is PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences from Shahid Beheshti University. One hundred ninety-six students were chosen by complete enumeration method and they were under a test by a questionnaire with total validity 80% and 81% .The results showed there is no complete conformity between theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms among PhD students so that 16.33 of the students have over 60% conformity and 83.68 of them have over 40% unconformity and The level of unconformity in the theoretical and behavioral preferences on scientific Ethics norms are different in the three fields (among PhD students of fields of humanities, engineering and basic sciences). In addition, when the theoretical preferences -12 Ethics indicators- are considered to each other, there is no conflict among them but in the comparison of the theoretical preferences and behavioral preferences, there is unconformity (conflict) between theoretical and behavioral preferences