Effect of Pleasantness and Unpleasantness of Music on the Acceptable Noise Level

Background and Aim: Music can be a favorite, annoying, or even a distracting noise. It is known that the processing of brain hemispheres is affected by the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music, which could be utilized as a signal or noise in auditory neuroscience. By using the Acceptable Noise Level (ANL) test, which is the quantification of noise tolerance while listening to a running speech, we investigated whether the pleasantness/unpleasantness of music affects the ANL results under monotic-listening and dichotic-listening conditions. Methods: Based on the subjective scale scores, pleasant and unpleasant music (10 songs) were selected as alternatives to babble noise or running speech for testing 50 subjects for seven monotic and dichotic listening conditions. Results: While pleasant music changed the ANL significantly under monotic listening conditions, the higher level of babble noise was tolerated, and both characteristics of music pleasantness and unpleasantness changed ANL significantly for various dichotic conditions. The range of the ANL for dichotic conditions is wider than that for monotic conditions. Conclusion: Music can affect the ANL in terms of pleasantness and unpleasantness for both monotic and dichotic listening conditions, with a greater effect on dichotic conditions, indicating the role of hemispheric specification in emotional music processing

Predictive power of Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) in predicting of child’s mortality : Predictive power of Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS)

Introduction: Trauma is a serious global health issue, and children are among the world's most vulnerable victims. Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS) is a rating for the prediction of death in pediatric with trauma .This study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of PTS in predicting death in children with trauma. Methods: This prospective study was part of a national study to develop a primary model for estimating mortality by adjusting the severity of injury in Iran. Which was performed on 92 pediatric trauma participants. To predict the predictive power of PTS, the Area under the Curve (AUC), 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), sensitivity, specificity, coefficient of determination and, odds ratio were utilized. All tests were carried out with a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean age of patients participating in this study was 11.86 ± 4.94 years and 68 (73.91%) of them were male. The most common injury type was head and face (53.26%) trauma and the most common cause of trauma was motorcycle accidents (27.17%), respectively. The AUC value for PTS score was 0.911 and its coefficient of determination (R2) was 38%. Conclusion: PTS is a good score for predicting trauma death in children in Iran. PTS can be used especially for triage of children with trauma in hospitals