A retrospective, observational, single center study of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist protocols at the Reproductive Center of Farah Hospital in Jordan

Background: Data on infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) are incomplete and uncertain in Jordan and worldwide because of difficulties in evaluating infertility in the general population. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH-a) long and short protocols as part of IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection.Methods: This observational, retrospective, comparative, longitudinal study was conducted in a reproductive center in Jordan. It reviewed data charts from women who took GnRH-a for IVF, from 2010 to 2013. These were categorized in Group A (long-term GnRH-a: single 3.75 mg-monthly injection) or Group B (short-term GnRH-a: multiple daily 0.1 mg injections). The primary endpoint was the rate of ongoing clinical pregnancy (number of pregnancies/number of women) and live birth rate in fresh cycle/protocols.Results: Out of 1,946 eligible women, 471 underwent the long-term treatment of GnRH-a administration and 1,523 the short-term treatment. The women’s mean age was 29.61±3.80 years old. Out of the 471 women in Group A, 216 (45.9%) women had ongoing clinical pregnancy, of whom 69 (31.9%) had live births. In the short-protocol group, 485 (31.8%) women had ongoing clinical pregnancy, of whom 133 (27.4%) had live births.Conclusions: GnRH-a long protocol is more effective than the short protocol regardless of the agonist formulation used in subfertile women/men who underwent IVF/ intracytoplasmic sperm injection

ANALYSIS OF THE SPRINT START, SWIMMING START AND VOLLEYBALL PUSH OFF IN GENERATING IMPULSE-MOMENTUM

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between impulse and change of momentum in three types of ground take-off. Three athletes from the swimming, sprinting and volleyball national teams executed three trials from an AMTI force platform synchronized with video capturing system of starting take-off. APAS software was used for further analysis. Results indicate that the swimmers and the sprinter are less capable of getting equal impulse relationship to the change of momentum due to deviation of reaction forces into the desired motion

An examination of the attitudes of downsized employees towards the downsizing process : the case of ESTEDA'A

This study explores employees' attitudes to, and perceptions of, ESTEDA'A, which is a downsizing method used in downsizing the Jordanian Civil Service. This study compares and contrasts the perceptions of employees who have been downsized by the method of ESTEDA'A regarding its organisational justice, and considers the moderating role of ESTEDA'A type (voluntary or compulsory) in reducing negative attitudes towards downsizing. Research was undertaken in a positivist paradigm. The employees' perceptions and attitudes were assessed in respect of the organisational justice associated with ESTEDA'A, which has two facets: distributive justice and procedural justice. Several factors that potentially affect these perceptions were " identified from the literature of downsizing and organisational justice. Consequently, nine hypotheses were formed and statistically tested to achieve the aims of this study. The required data were collected via self-administered postal questionnaire, which was sent to a stratified-systemic-random sample of 843 (30% of the population) ex-civil servants who have been awarded ESTEDA'A (ESTEDA'A leavers), stratified by the year of awarding ESTEDA'A. Response rate was 36% (= 306/843) of the sample and 58% (= 306/522) of the active sample (sample size less unreachable and ineligible cases). The findings indicate that when compared to compulsory cases, voluntary cases reported more positive attitudes to, and perceptions of, ESTEDA'A. The only exception was the perceived distributive justice. Working after ESTEDA'A, conditional upon wanting to work, significantly influenced the perceptions of distributive. justice and procedural justice. Unemployment rates, conditional upon working after ESTEDA'A, significantly influenced the perceived distributive justice, but not procedural justice. Within those who worked after ESTEDA'A, the new job level and type, significantly contributed to the variances in the perceived distributive justice (7.7%) and procedural justice (6.2%). Other results were found. It was concluded that the experienced decision control might hinder the effect of justification on the judgment of distributive justice and procedural justice

Image fusion performed with noncontrast computed tomography scans during endovascular aneurysm repair

We report two endovascular aneurysm repair procedures achieved under image fusion guidance accomplished with noncontrast injected preoperative computed tomography scans. Such use of this advanced imaging application reduces contrast media injection volume (respectively, 27 and 24 mL throughout the patients' hospital course). No changes in creatinine clearance occurred after the procedures. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging confirmed technical success in both cases

The Influence of the Leadership Style on Managerial Creativeness from the Perspective of Employees within Jordanian Industrial Corporations

No one can deny the influence of the leaders and their leadership style on many levels of the organization starting from the performance of the employees, the internal environment and reaching the performance of the organization itself. From that point, the current research study seeks to highlight the degree of influence of the leadership styles on the managerial creativeness among the leaders and what is the most influential leadership style on the managerial creativeness among leaders in the industrial corporations in Jordan. The approach of the study was quantitative in its nature; the researcher distributed a questionnaire on a convenience sample of leaders within the industrial corporations in Jordan. Out of 500 questionnaires, the researcher retrieved 322 questionnaires which was properly filled and can be analyzed through SPSS. The findings of the study revealed that leadership style can influence the level of creativity that leaders and managers have which in its turn can influence the employees themselves. In addition to that, the study reached a results in which the transformational leadership style is the most influential style on the managerial creativeness

Towards Practical Model of Public Private Partnership (PPP) Implementation in E-Government in Jordan: Field Assessment*

Purpose: The main aim of this study is to evaluate the adoption of Public Private Partnership (PPP) approach in E-Government programs in Jordan which is considered a developing country, by evaluating the second stage of the three-stage model of PPP developed by (Al-Shqairat, 2009).  Design/methodology/approach: A mixed quantitative and qualitative research approach was adopted. Qualitative data was collected using semi structured interviews with eleven IT managers working in public organizations. Quantitative data, on the other hand, was collected using a questionnaire designed and validated for the current study. A total of 109 questionnaires were distributed to participant working in 13 different public entities. These participants were also directly involved in Public Private Partnership projects in these entities. The response rate of 56.88% percent was adequate for accuracy and the results were useful and representative of the target population. The questionnaire data was analyzed using parametric statistics including mean analysis.Findings: The main findings of this study shows significant support for the proposed implementation stage. Furthermore, the survey and the interview analysis highlighted that the benefits and obstacles are more important than any other aspect of the implementation stage. Originality/ value: This study is one of the few studies that attempted to propose and validate an empirical model of PPP Implementation in E-Government projects that could be adopted by governments while planning for a successful PPP approach in implementing E-Government initiatives in specific or an ICT related projects. Keywords: Public Private Partnership (PPP) implementation; E-Government; Jordan; Public Sector, Private Sector, PPP forms, PPP mechanisms

Optimal spectrum utilisation in cognitive network using combined spectrum sharing approach: overlay, underlay and trading

Cognitive radio technology enables unlicensed users (secondary users, SUs) to access the unused spectrum. In the literature, there are three spectrum sharing paradigms that enable SUs to access the licensed spectrum. These access techniques include underlay, overlay and spectrum trading, and have their own drawbacks. To combat these drawbacks, we propose a new approach for each of them and merge them into one combined system. Our overlay scheme provides quick access to the unused spectrum. We propose a new cooperative sensing protocol to reduce the likelihood of interfering with PUs. In order to enable SUs for transmitting simultaneously with PUs, we suggest using our underlay scheme. Our trading scheme allows PUs to trade the unused spectrum for the SUs that require better quality of service. The new combined scheme increases the size of spectrum in the cognitive network. Simulation results show the ability of the new scheme to serve extra traffic

IMECE2002-33401 FABRICATION OF NdFeB THIN FILM AND ITS APPLICATION IN MEMS

ABSTRACT The paper measures the magnetic properties of NdFeB thin films developed under the effects of magnetic field. The samples exhibited a larger residual inductance, saturation magnetization and energy product than those treated without field or with weaker field. Magnetic MEMS was introduced with application of the NdFeB film to micro device such as pumps and gear transmission system