Sustainable planning based on scenarios in the field of sustainable social tourism (Case Study: Meybod City)

Objective: The rapid growth of the tourism industry due to the accelerated growth of revenue in this field in recent decades, and the constant change and uncertainty of high impact events in this sector, on the other hand, the necessity of using new methods of future research and Long and long-term planning has made it more visible. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to formulate future tourism scenarios and test the viability of sustainable social tourism strategies. Methods: In the present study, a combination of Delphi methods, PEST environmental scanning and interaction effects was used. Key parameters of sustainable social tourism were integrated and identified by key expert uncertainties using Interaction Analysis Questionnaire. Then, using the key uncertainties of the three scenarios, namely golden (optimistic), predictable (appropriate) and recessionary (pessimistic) future. Results: Unique historical background and attractions, specialized management, system planning and foreign policy and international relations of the most influential parameters and the world city of Zilo, competitive services and amenities, quality of land and air network network and promotion Technology in tourism has been identified as one of the most influential parameters, secondary lever exchange rate variations, market control of water and customs, and independent variable rituals. Capacity building for tourism in the age of communication and social cohesion is also considered as regulatory variables in sustainable social tourism. Conclusions: The results obtained from the analysis and evaluation of sustainable social tourism strategies indicate that some strategies are useful and robust in only one or two scenarios and weak in others. Therefore, it is necessary to consider multifaceted strategies that can respond to situations in different situation

Evaluation of aerobic bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of diabetic foot infections in Rasht, the North or Iran

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are one of the most frequently occurred complications of patients with poor-controlled diabetes mellitus. Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is increasing as a common problem and more than half of DFUs will be eventually infected. Here, we aimed to evaluate aerobic bacterial etiology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of DFIs. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Razi educational and remedial Hospital in the North of Iran. From March to August, 2020 patients who were diagnosed as diabetic foot ulcer and attended to Razi hospital included in the study. In this study samples were collected from infected areas of diabetic foot ulcers. Standard microbiological methods were used to identify the isolates. The disc diffusion method was used to determine antimicrobial susceptibility on Mueller-Hinton agar following the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recommendations. Thirty-one patients enrolled in this study. They included 17 females (54.8%) and 14 males (45.2%). The mean age of patients was 62.8 years, ranging from 40 to 93 years old. Totally, six types of aerobic bacteria were isolated from patients. The most prevalent type was Escherichia coli (41.9%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (16.1%). The most effective antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria were aminoglycosides. While, Staphylococcus aureus isolates mostly susceptible to tested antibiotics. Also, none of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin-resistance. The results of antimicrobial sensitivity showed that aminoglycosides might be suitable agents for empirical therapy in Iran. Regular monitoring of culture and sensitivity reports is required to select drugs for empiric treatment

Frequency of the toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 gene in methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from teaching hospitals in Shiraz, Iran

INTRODUCTION: Staphylococcus aureus produces a range of virulence factors such as toxic shock syndrome toxin-1. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 345 clinical S. aureus isolates, the presence of the tst gene was assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The study revealed 53/345 (15.4%) isolates were positive for the tst gene. The tst gene was present in 18.1% of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates and 11.6% of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates (p = 0.136). CONCLUSIONS: These results reveal the remarkable risk of S. aureus infections in hospitals, regardless of methicillin-resistance status