Interaction of fish density and background color effects on growth performance, proximate body composition and skin color of common carp, Cyprinus carpio

This study was carried out to evaluate the combined effects of three stocking densities and two tank colors on growth, body composition and skin coloration of common carp (1.41±0.05 g). Fish with low (LD: 20 specimens/tank or 0.70 g/L), medium (MD: 40 specimens/tank or 1.41 g/L) and high (HD: 80 specimens/tank or 2.82 g/L) densities were reared in two tank colors (black and white) for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, density recorded 2.45 g/L and 7.00 g/L at low and high densities treatments, respectively. The final weight and specific growth rate of the fish at LD treatment were significantly higher than those of MD and HD treatments. The highest weight (4.90±0.44 g) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (1.21±0.13) were obtained for the LD fish treatment reared in the black tanks. Rearing density has a significant effect on the fish body total protein content, but the tank color had no effects on this factor. The fish body lipid content in the white tanks and high density was significantly higher than other treatments. Significant interactions between tank color and rearing density were observed for the fish body protein, fiber and dry matter. The fish skin color was considered by three factors: L*, a* and b*. The results showed that black color had a negative effect on the fish skin color indices. Brightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values of the fish skin in the white tanks were higher than those of the black tanks. In the present study, tank color and rearing density significantly affected growth and feed performance of common carp, while no combined interaction was found between the two factors examined

Explaining the Impact of Globalization on the Level of Political Corruption in Iran

IntroductionPolitical corruption is one of the crucial concerns in today’s political landscape that has captured the attention of researchers. Political corruption refers to the breach of public norms by those in political power, either to further personal interests or to protect group interests. It entails the manipulation of political institutions and internal regulations, thereby impacting government bodies and the overall political system. Consequently, political corruption is often anticipated to result in institutional deterioration. However, since the 1980s, globalization has influenced the way through which categories of modern politics, including political corruption, are addressed. In the context of globalization, the examination of political corruption transcends the confines of the nation–state and should be viewed as a global concern.Literature ReviewA review of primary studies concerning the impact of globalization on political corruption reveals a spectrum of pessimistic and optimistic opinions among scholars. Optimists argue that globalization diminishes political corruption, while pessimists contend that it, in fact, increases political corruption. However, recent research indicates that the discrepancy between these viewpoints stems from their differing understandings of the relationship between globalization and political corruption. By adhering to a linear approach, both groups attempt to find the relationship between these variables, and consequently prescribe or discourage further engagement with globalization to exploit opportunities and avoid threats. To resolve this discrepancy, new studies, adopting a non-linear approach, posit that social and political globalization serves as a significant precursor to corruption. Economic globalization is perceived as both a prelude to and a consequence of varying levels of corruption.Materials and MethodsAs a quantitative research, the present study employed regression analysis as a highly practical quantitative method. Specifically, it utilized polynomial regression, which is supported by recent studies as well as by the secondary data sourced from the V-Dem Institute and the KOF Swiss Economic Institute.Results and Discussion According to the regression analysis, the normative nature of political corruption necessitates a redefinition of public and private interests at both the societal and governmental elite levels if the aim is to enhance the social dimension of globalization. The coefficient of the political dimension indicated that increased globalization can lead to a reduction in political corruption as global pressures compel the country to undertake structural and institutional reforms, including safeguarding property rights, enhancing transparency in decision-making processes, and improving the quality of public services. However, the results showed that there is no linear relationship between economic dimension of globalization and political corruption. Instead, the economic dimension influences the impact of other dimensions on political corruption in a non-linear, curved manner. As this dimension increases, political corruption decreases up to a certain point, but beyond that threshold, corruption levels begin to rise.One of the ideals and goals that emerged during the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran was the fight against the political corruption that had been rampant during the Pahlavi era, which required a revolutionary change as the only means to eliminate corruption. However, following the success of the Revolution, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran inherited a political, governance, and administrative system that later fell into the depths of various forms of corruption. The present research aimed to address a fundamental question: What is the impact of Iran’s engagement with globalization on the level of political corruption in the country? The necessity of conducting such studies arises from the importance of understanding the effect of globalization on various political issues with the ultimate aim of leveraging the benefits and avoiding the threats. Considering Iran’s economic structure, the system of international sanctions against Iran, and the normative nature of political corruption, it is expected that the various dimensions of globalization may have a detrimental impact on political corruption in Iran. Conclusion In conclusion, given the concurrent influence of different dimensions of globalization on political issues, policymakers are recommended to follow a non-linear approach to leverage the opportunities and avoid the threats of globalization

Evaluation of fatty acids and the muscle quality in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings under aquaponics culture system

To evaluate the flesh quality of fingerling common carp reared in aquaponics culture system, fish with cucumber and lettuce was reared under the aquaponics system for 60 days with three treatments including cultivation of common carp without plants (T0), an aquaponics system for culturing common carp with lettuce (TL), and cucumber (TC) each with three replications. For the meat quality evaluation of reared fish, at the final rearing period after harvesting fish, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, color, texture profile analysis, and sensory assessment were determined. The result showed that protein and lipid content in T0 and TC were significantly higher than in TL (P<0.05). Most of the sum monounsaturated fatty acids (∑MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (∑PUFA) were recorded in TC and T0, respectively. Lipid quality base on the atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic (TI) indices in TL was higher than in TC. According to color indices, fish skin in T0 and TL exhibited similar lightness and transparency, higher than in Tc. The color of fish muscle in TC displayed redness higher than in the other treatments. In case of texture profile analysis, springiness in TC was significantly higher compare to the other treatments. In case of sensory assessment, the score of odor attribute in TC was significantly lower compare to the other treatments. In conclusion, the muscle quality in the fish reared under aquaponics culture system was more acceptable in comparison with that in T0 (common carp reared without the plants) and in case of fish reared under aquaponics system, those reared with cucumber revealed better quality than the lettuce

Efficacy of using Sanyar prebiotics in biofloc environment: Evaluation of production performance, water nitrogen compounds, hematological and metabolic responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio

The study was performed to find out the potential effects of Sanyar prebiotic on production performance, water nitrogen compounds, blood and metabolic parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio reared in a biofloc system. 324 fingerlings (average weight 10.09 ± 0.45 g) were stocked in eighteen 35-L tanks (18 fish in each tank). After 10 days of adaptation to laboratory conditions, six experimental groups were tested for 60 days including: control group without additive with clean water (C), control group without additive with floc (FC), floc groups with 0.1 and 0.2 g (FP1 and FP2) prebiotic powder and floc groups with 1 and 2 mL (FL1 and FL2) liquid prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet. At the end of the experiment, FP1 group exhibited significant increase in final biomass weight, final density, and protein efficiency ratio and decrease in feed conversion ratio in comparison with the other groups. Total water ammonia nitrogen was reduced in the C group compared to the FC. Serum urea and creatinine levels increased significantly in the FC group compared to the other experimental groups. ALT, AST and ALP enzymes were significantly increased in groups C and FC compared to the groups fed with Saynar prebiotic. The highest number of red and white blood cells was obtained in FL1 and FC groups, respectively. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FP1 (0.1 g Sanyar prebiotic per 100 g of basic diet) can be potentially used as health enhancer in common carp reared under biofloc system

A review on the role of long non-coding RNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) in the etiology of different disorders

LncRNA prostate androgen-regulated transcript 1 (PART1) is an important lncRNA in the carcinogenesis whose role has been firstly unraveled in prostate cancer. Expression of this lncRNA is activated by androgen in prostate cancer cells. In addition, this lncRNA has a role in the pathogenesis intervertebral disc degeneration, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and Parkinson’s disease. Diagnostic role of PART1 has been assessed in some types of cancers. Moreover, dysregulation of PART1 expression is regarded as a prognostic factor in a variety of cancers. The current review provides a concise but comprehensive summary of the role of PART1 in different cancers and non-malignant disorders

Effects of adding molasses in water and diet of common carp on growth, blood biochemical indices, digestive enzymes and water quality in a biofloc system

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of adding molasses (in water and diet) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio in a biofloc system. Common carp (12.06± 0.35 g mean initial weight) were cultured in 3 treatments with triplicate for 7 weeks with daily addition of sugar beet molasses as carbon source to maintain the C/N ratio (1:15) which included: addition molasses to water (MW) and feed (MF) in biofloc system and clean water control without molasses addition (control). There was no statistically significant difference in water quality (ammonia and nitrate) between different experimental treatments. The growth and feed performance were significantly higher in the receiving molasses treatment than the control (P<0.05). The digestive enzymes of amylase, lipase and protease had a significant statistical difference between experimental treatments (P<0.05). Protease activity was significantly higher in MW and MF treatments than control. Plasma immunoglobulin and lysozyme levels of fish cultured were significantly higher in the biofloc system (MW and MF) than in the control, whereas plasma cortisol was significantly lower in receiving molasses treatment. Overall, the present findings suggested that molasses can be taken into account as functional feed additives for Cyprinus carpio

Effects of different levels of microencapsulated antioxidant supplementation on growth and feed performances, body composition and some blood indices in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels of microencapsulated antioxidant supplementation (Nano-selenium, Vitamins E and C) on growth performance, body composition and some blood biochemical indices in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish with an average weight of 9.07 ± 0.36 g were distributed into 12 tanks and divided into four experimental groups: treatment 1 (N-Se; 0.1, E; 30 and C; 100 mg/kg), treatment 2 (N-Se; 0.2, E; 60 and C; 200 mg/kg), treatment 3 (N-Se; 0.3, E; 90 and C; 300 mg/kg) and commercial diet as control. The results exhibited that the fish fed with diets containing additional microencapsulated antioxidant supplementation induced higher final growth, weight gain, the protein and lipid efficiency ratios, while had no different in feed conversion ratio. The body composition such as protein and lipid did not exhibit significant differences between the treatments. The serum lysozyme activity and superoxide dismutase enzyme were significantly elevated in fish fed with supplemented diet compared to the control. The alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in the three treatments whereas aspartate aminotransferase reduced in fish fed with antioxidant supplementation compared to the control. The present results indicated the beneficent effects of microencapsulated Nano Se and vitamins E and C on growth rate and immune response in rainbow trout

Effect of CuO nanoparticles on some hematological indices of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss and their potential toxicity

Objective(s): This study aimed to determine the possible toxicity of Cuo nanoparticles (NPs) on Oncorhynchus mykiss by evaluating hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: Fish were sampled and treated in 4 aquariums containing the concentration ranges of 1, 5, 20 and 100 ppm of CuO NPs. There was one control group (no CuO NPs) and three replicates. The physicochemical properties of water were as follows: the temperature was 22±2 Cº, oxygen saturation was 90.9±0.2%, pH was at 7±0.004 and the concentration of CaCO3 was 270. Results: No mortality was observed after 96 hours of exposure. The analysis of hematological parameters showed that CuO NPs affected the counts of white blood cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, hematocrits, MCH, MCHC and MCV and did not have any effects on monocytes and hemoglobins. Conclusion: The data showed that the overall hardness (270 ppm) neutralized the lethal effect of copper on O. mykiss and no mortality was recorded