Effects Of Selective Dietary Prebiotics And Probiotics On Growth And Health Status Of Snakehead (Channa Striata) Fingerlings

Pembenihan ikan haruan yang dilakukan secara berterusan telah memberikan beberapa masalah misalnya kemerosotan kualiti air dan wabak penyakit terhadap ikan. Sejak kebelakangan ini, penyakit yang dihadapi oleh ikan telah di atasi melalui penggunaan antibiotik yang mengakibatkan mikro yang resistan kepada mikrob, pengurangan mikrobiota dalam ekosistem gastrik (GI) termasuk pengumpulan sisa antibiotic di dalam otot ikan dan menyebabkan ia tidak sesuai untuk dimakan oleh manusia. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, satu pendekatan yang menggunakan pendekatan pemberian pemakanan baru menggunakan prebiotic dan probiotic telah dikaji. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai kesan pengambilan makanan tambahan prebiotik dan probiotic ke atas tumbesaran anak ikan Channa striata untuk mengurangkan masalah di dalam sistem akuakultur dengan cara berterusan. Eksperimen ini melibatkan pemberian permakanan yang mengandungi β-glucan, Galakto-oligosakarida (GOS), Mannan-oligosakarida (MOS), yis hidup (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dan serbuk LBA (Lactobacillus acidophilus) untuk tempoh 16 minggu (Fasa 1) diikuti dengan pemakanan yang tidak menggunakan bahan tambahan selama 8 minggu (Fasa 2). Kajian ini telah dibahagikan kepada dua fasa untuk menentukan keupayaan benih C. striata untuk mengekalkan manfaat yang diperolehi selepas pengambilan makanan tambahan ini dalam tempoh yang ditetapkan. Kumpulan 800 ikan (22.40g+0.06) secara duplikat diberi enam olahan yang berbeza, iaitu 3 jenis prebiotics- 0.2% β-glucan, 1% GOS, 0.5% MOS dan 2 probiotik - 1% yis hidup, 0.01% serbuk LBA dan diet kawalan (tanpa makanan tambahan). Intensive culture of snakehead has resulted in problems such as deterioration of water quality and the outbreak of diseases. Currently, fish disease is managed through the use of antibiotics which has led to antimicrobial resistant pathogens, reduction in beneficial microbiota in the gastrointestinal (GI) ecosystem, including the accumulation of residual antibiotics in fish muscle making it unsuitable for human consumption. To overcome these problems a new feeding approach using prebiotics and probiotics is explored. The present research was conducted to evaluate the effect of feeding Channa striata fingerlings with different prebiotics and probiotics as well as duration of feeding on growth and health performance. The experimental design involved feeding experimental fish with β-glucan, Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), live yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and LBA (Lactobacillus acidophilus) powder respectively, for a total of 16 weeks (Phase 1) followed by feeding of a control unsupplemented feed for 8 weeks (Phase 2). Duplicate groups of 800 fish (22.40 g+ 0.06) were raised on six different treatments respectively, three prebiotics - 0.2% β-glucan, 1% GOS, 0.5% MOS, and two probiotics - 1% live yeast, 0.01% LBA and a control (unsupplemented) diet

APPLICATION OF SAGO (METROXYLON SAGU) STARCH IN THE DIET OF NILE TILAPIA, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) JUVENILES ON NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

Omnivorous fish utilize dietary carbohydrates better due to the efficiency of nutrient digestibility and enzymes in the digestive tracts. However, the effectiveness of nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes can be affected by different levels of dietary carbohydrates in the diet. Very limited information is known about the effect on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzymes by different levels of sago starch utilization. A 12 - week feeding trial was conducted to identify the effects of sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus juveniles on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities. Six isoenergetic (20.25±1.35 kJ/g) semi-purified experimental diets were formulated which consisted of dietary protein levels (P22%; P26%; P30%) incorporated with C38% and C44% of sago starch as the carbohydrates source. All the diets were designated as D1 (P:22%, C:38%); D2 (P:26%, C:38%); D3 (P:30%, C:38%); D4 (P:22%, C:44%); D5 (P:26%, C:44%) and D6 (P:30%, C:44%), respectively. A control diet used was formulated from corn starch and labelled as D0 (P30%: C40%). The result showed fish fed on treatment D3 (80.12%) had higher nutrients digestibility followed by D2 (77.54%), D1 (74.72%), D0 (69.83%), D6 (65.67%), D5 (57.40%) and D4 (50.29%). Digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase and protease) activities were significantly affected among all diets. Fish fed on diet, D3 showed high amylase (6.54 Umg-1 ), lipase (5.68 Umg-1 ) and protease (0.77 Umg-1 ) activities compared to fish from other diet treatments. Two-way ANOVA result confirmed that the incorporation of different levels of protein and carbohydrate had significantly influenced nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of O. niloticus juveniles. Overall, fish fed on C38% sago starchbased diets showed positive result and performed better than those fed with C44% diets. The study revealed the ability of O. niloticus juveniles to spare protein with sago starch was at optimum level of C38% combined with P26% and P30% protein level

EFFECTS OF SAGO-BASED (Metroxylon sagu) CARBOHYDRATEON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND BLOOD PLASMA COMPOSITIONSOF NILE TILAPIA, Oreochromis niloticus (LINNAEUS, 1758) JUVENILES

Six diets were formulated with three levels of protein, P(22%, 26% and 30%), andtwolevelsofsagostarchassourceofcarbohydrates,C(38%and44%).Thedietswere fedtotriplicategroupsoftilapia,Oreochromisniloticus,juveniles(meanweight4.61±0.04 g), to apparent satiation twice daily for 12 weeks. Fish fed the 38% sago starch diet have a higher (P < 0.05) growth than the 44% sago starch and control diets. The whole body proximate compositions were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by the 38% and 44% dietarysagostarchlevelamongalldiets.Fishfedwith38%sagostarchdietshaveahigher (P < 0.05) glucose concentration in plasma than those fed with diet containing the 44% group diets. Higher (p < 0.05) triglyceride plasma were observed in fish fed with the 44% level diets, compared with the other diets. Two-way ANOVA results confirmed that the interaction between protein and carbohydrate has a significant (p < 0.05) influenced on growthperformance,whole-bodyproximatecompositionsandbloodplasmacompositions. The study revealed the ability of O. niloticus juvenilesto spare protein by carbohydrate at the level of 38 % sagostarc

Towards Three-Dimensional Experimental Investigation on Fish Sperm Mobility in Oily Water By Digital Holographic Microscopy for Environmental Protection

Fish is the primary source of protein and essential nutrients for growing global population. Fish and fisheries products provide sustainable income with multi-dimensional livelihoods for numerous communities across the world. The contribution of fisheries and aquaculture to food security and nutrition is largely affected by environmental quality. Addressing the growing demands for fish, conservation of natural resources and environmental protection are undeniably important. A large variety of studies have been conducted examining physiology of fish sperm, understanding the combined effects of heavy metals, inorganic and organic pollutants on sperm motility, to name but a few. However, there is a limited study concerning the dynamic behaviour of fish sperms in polluted environments and its consequences on historical sperm motility. In this research, a custom-made digital holographic microscope has been successfully designed, calibrated and tested. Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a promising three-dimensional fluid flow measurement technique as it can easily provide detailed three-dimensional microscale observation and visualization of flow field in real time. Initial preliminary experiments using 10 μm polystyrene microspheres as fish sperm substitutes flowing in oily water were performed and demonstrated promising results

Effect of dietary prebiotics and probiotics on snakehead (Channa striata) health : Haematology and disease resistance parameters against Aeromonas hydrophila

This study examined the effect of dietary prebiotics and probiotics after 16 weeks, followed by 8 weeks of post feeding trial with the control unsupplemented diet on haematological and immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Channa striata fingerlings. Fish were raised on a 40% protein and 12% lipid feed containing three commercial prebiotics (β-glucan, GOS or galacto-oligosaccharide, MOS or mannan-oligosaccharide); and two probiotics- (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus acidophilus), respectively and a control. Throughout the study, supplementation with dietary prebiotics and probiotics led to significant (P < 0.05) improvement in the red blood cells, white blood cells, packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and serum protein level and lysozyme activities; and these improvements were effective significantly (P < 0.05) when the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila at the dose of 2×106. The disease resistance against A. hydrophila was higher significantly (P < 0.05) in fish fed with probiotic feed supplements (L.acidophilus was highest) compared to prebiotics and control. The study is the first to report the absence of differences in sustaining the efficacies attained afterintakeofβ-glucan, GOSandMOSuponpost-feeding withanunsupplemented feed, over a prolonged period

Post-Harvest Processing, Packaging and Inspection of Frozen Shrimp: A Practical Guide

The book is a practical guide for the various steps in the post-harvest technology of frozen shrimps. Shrimps are one of the most common and popular types of seafood consumed globally. The book discusses some of the most sought-after shrimps such as Penaeus monodon, P. vannamei, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Good-quality shrimp is a prerequisite for the seafood business as it is used for human consumption. Lack of proper knowledge in raw materials handling and post-harvest processing is the main obstacle in quality shrimp production. Complex business policy, commitment break in both parties (buyers and sellers), competition with other seafood-producing countries, and fluctuation of currency in international seafood market are the factors affecting international seafood business. This book closes this gap in literature and facilitates the production of excellent-quality exportable frozen shrimp through informed practices from experts. The book includes information about packaging of frozen shrimp, inspection, and shipment. It also compiles different mathematical calculations which are in practiced in the processing industries. The book is essential reading for professionals in the shrimp producing and processing industries. It is also useful for researchers in fisheries science, aquaculture, food technology, and food microbiology

Dietary lacto-sacc improved growth performance, food acceptability, body indices, and basic hematological parameters in empurau (Tor tambroides) fries reared in the aquaponics system

Slow growth rate of empurau (Tor tambroides) fish is reported impeding its’ aquaculture practice extensively in Malaysia. It mainly occurs at the fry to fingerling phase. Hence, the present research evaluated the dietary lacto-sacc feed supplement on the growth performance and health status of T. tambroides fries. The fish growth was outperformed significantly (P<0.05) after 12 weeks in fish fed with the lacto-sacc supplemented fish feed compared to the non supplemented control diet. Alike the growth performance, the basic hematological parameters were significantly (P<0.05) improved. This study was the first attempt to indicate the suitability of dietary lacto-sacc for empurau fries nursery in the aquaponics system. Although this study was performed in four types of aquaponics systems, the factorial analysis confirmed that diet had a strong effect for this occurrence

Factors Affecting Fishers’ Attitude and Willingness to use Cage Aquaculture as an Alternative Livelihood for Reducing Fishing Pressure in Haor Areas, Bangladesh

Inland capture fisheries are providing cost of livings of about 1.2 million BDT in Bangladesh. However, overexploitation causing the declination of the abundance of native fish species which adversely affects the livelihoods of haor dwellers. The present study was conducted in two haor villages (Sutarpara and Changnoagaon) of Kishoreganj, Bangladesh to explore the factors (economic and non-economic) affecting fishers’ attitude and willingness about cage aquaculture considered as livelihood alternative for reducing fishing pressure. The methodologies applied to do this study were semi-structured face-to-face interview, key informants and questionnaire survey using Likert scale (LS), focus group discussions (FGD). The result revealed that willingness to switch from traditional way of fishing to cage aquaculture activities was significantly (P<0.05) higher in those fishers’ groups that had more inclination in fishing activities. Simultaneously, non-economic factors like powerful traders and fishers, traditional belief, taking risk, launching period of cage aquaculture venture and investment duration played vital role in decisions on whether to fish or not. The economic factors were fewer in number than non-economic factors. This comparative research is significantly important for future social aquaculture researchers as well as the country policy makers for giving emphasis to gather data based on the prevailing economic and non-economic factors to innovate alternative livelihood activity concurrently

Selection of suitable aquaponics system for empurau (Tor tambroides) fries nursery in polyculture method

Long-term use of the recirculated water for fish and crop production in the aquaponics system that is the major concern in sustainable aquaculture for reduction of the water quality led to explore the alternative way of short-time use of recirculated water in the aquaponics system that can be in nursery management. Three individual aquaponics (nutrient film “NFT,” deep water “DWC,” media bed “MBD”) along with a new combined aquaponics system (CAS) were used to explore the most suitable aquaponics system for empurau fries nursery. It was done by determining the comparison of growth performance and survivability of fish fries and plants along with the cost–benefit analysis among 4 aquaponics systems. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 comprised of determining the effectiveness test of filters in newly designed CAS and the selection of suitable plant for the second phase. The suitability test for the selection of an aquaponics system for empurau fries nursery was done in the second phase. The polyculture method was adopted in both phases. The newly designed CAS with filter and the leafy vegetables (Apium graveolens var. secalinum) were selected from the first phase for further study in phase 2. The suitability results in the second phase exhibited that the NFT aquaponics system was significantly (P DWC ≥ CAS > MDB. Therefore, the study suggests using the NFT aquaponics system for empurau (Tor tambroides) fries’ nursery in short term

A replacement of plant protein sources as an alternative of fish meal ingredient for African catfish, Clarias gariepinus: A review

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. This industry supplies half of the fisheries products consumed annually, and future global demand can only be supplied by increasing aquaculture production, which, in turn, requires more aquafeed. Alternative ingredients must be increasingly used to supply significant proportions of protein and energy in aquafeeds, creating both challenges and opportunities for researchers and industry. Nowadays, there are too many researches on fish disease, growth and health but less in a fish feed especially a replacement of protein from plant sources in the fish feed. One of the alternative ways to optimise the growth and health condition of the fish is provide them a good protein from plant as a replacement in fish meal with the natural source protein instead of giving a good rearing condition and caring of the fish. The present article was constructed to highlight a replacement of plant protein sources as an alternative of fish meal for fish feed in African catfish, Clarias gariepinus that has been done by researchers. However, the application of replacement from plant protein sources in fish meal is now gradually gaining importance in commercial aquaculture practices and opened the door for the researchers to expend of this application, thus more detailed studies on molecular basis should be looked as to get the quality and enough nutrient fish feed for good production of aquaculture industry