Sensitive Detection of Novel Effects and Characteristic Signal Structure of Higher Harmonic Detection in Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy

We discuss experimental and theoretical results of absorption features of the oxygen A-band transitions when synchronous detection at higher harmonics using Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) is performed. A key aspect of structure higher harmonic detection is discussed. It is shown that the signal magnitude and spectral locations of turning points and zero crossings of WMS signal demonstrate key signatures of collision dynamics of gaseous specie parameters and lineshape parameters. In addition, it is also shown that these salient features provide sensitive probes for any changes in the gas environment or lineshape parameters. We discuss several advantages and subtle physical effects that can be probed by higher order detection. As an example, we show resolution of several overlapping congested line spectra with highly disparate oscillator-strength. Optically thick regime of oxygen A-band transitions are probed by WMS and shown to exhibit distinctive features that are reflected in higher harmonic signals. These experimental results are the first ones to examine optical pathlength saturation by WMS. These effects greatly depend on the lineshape and gas parameters and experimental variables. The rich structure of WMS signals, especially at higher detection orders, is central to the technique\u27s advantages in resolving these subtle effects. We show greater sensitivity of turning points and zero crossings with lineshape or gas parameters. We also show that in certain situations the sensitivity could be significant especially in the wing region of the profile where the absorption signal is low. We discuss two approaches to quantify advantages of higher harmonic detection and structure (number of zero crossings and turning points). The method is based on statistical analysis and principles of Shannon\u27s classical information theory, where the precision in Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy (WMS) and measurements with molecular species is quantified utilizing information theory. We show that there is an optimal harmonic detection order that yields the maximum information in presence of distortion and noise. Distortion and noise effects are treated separately. Particular cases of distortion i.e. modulation broadening, pressure broadening, pathlength saturation and Fabry-Perot fringing are discussed, and their relation to information in the measurement of lineshape parameters is outlined. It is shown that the optimal harmonic order can be understood by considerations of complexity in the signal structure rather than those of conventional Signal to Noise ratios. It is also shown that under certain experimental conditions higher detection orders (N ≥ 5) yield precise and optimal results in estimation of lineshape parameters in a given noise environment. The merit of optimal harmonic detection order is based on maximum information (in bits) that can be extracted at a particular harmonic signal in the presence of noise

Seed priming: An overview of techniques, mechanisms, and applications

Seed priming is a pre-sowing seed treatment method that has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to improve seed germination and early seedling growth. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of seed priming techniques, their underlying mechanisms, and diverse applications in crop production during the recent years. The article introduces the concept of seed priming and its importance in optimizing seed performance, discussing various seed priming techniques including osmotic priming, hydro-priming, hormonal priming, and microbial priming. Each technique is described in detail, outlining the specific procedures and conditions involved, and their advantages and limitations are discussed. The underlying mechanisms of seed priming are explored, elucidating the biochemical, physiological, and molecular changes that occur during seed priming, and the interactions between priming substances and seeds. The article also provides an in-depth analysis of the applications of seed priming, discussing its positive effects on seed germination, seedling vigour, stress tolerance, and its potential for sustainable agriculture. This review article serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and faculties working in the field of seed technological research and progressive farmers who can adopt this technology for enhancing crop yield. This article provides insights into the techniques, mechanisms, and applications of seed priming for optimizing seed performance and enhancing crop productivity in diverse agricultural systems

Studies on Beneficiation of Manganese Ore through High Intensity Magnetic Separator

Upgradation techniques like wet sieving and magnetic separation were used to evaluate the beneficiation potential of manganese ore. During wet sieving, manganese content in raw ore was upgraded from 27% to a maximum value of 38% in the concentrate with a recovery of 30%. Size classification was found to have no measurable effect on manganese grade in magnetic separation. In the unsieved ground ore, manganese content of 45% was achieved with a recovery of 23% and Mn/Fe ratio of 19% at a magnetic intensity of 8500 Gauss. At the same operating conditions, SiO2 was reduced from 56% in the raw ore to 30% in the magnetic fraction. So, wet sieving technique leads to a comparatively lower manganese grade but better recovery. Conversely, a magnetic separation technique produced higher manganese grade but relatively lower recovery. Blending of the upgraded manganese ore with high grade iron ore can be done to achieve the required Mn/Fe ratio

The effect of board gender diversity on cross-listing

Acknowledgments: We greatly appreciate the feedback provided by Geoff Wood, Ofra BazelShoham, participants of the annual meeting of the Academy of International Business 2018, and the participants of the paper development workshop at Kent Business School, University of Kent, UK. We also like to thank the TU CIBER grant for supporting this research.Peer reviewedPostprin

The effect of board gender diversity on cross-listing

Acknowledgments: We greatly appreciate the feedback provided by Geoff Wood, Ofra BazelShoham, participants of the annual meeting of the Academy of International Business 2018, and the participants of the paper development workshop at Kent Business School, University of Kent, UK. We also like to thank the TU CIBER grant for supporting this research.Peer reviewedPostprin

Anticancer activities of selected Emirati Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties pits in human triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important fruit crop with significant pharmaceutical potential. Little data are available on comparative pharmaceutical importance of the date pits. We designed this study to assess the antitumorigenic effects of date palm pits extracts from different Emiratis varieties. We used MDA-MB-231 cells derived from triple negative breasts cancer tissues as a model. We found that out of the 17 date pits extracts from 6 Emiratis varieties, three (Khalas extract in water + acetone (1:1), Abu-Maan extract in MeOH + Chloroform (1:1) and Mabroom extract in water + acetone (1:1)) were found effectively cytotoxic and changed morphology of cells in dose and time dependent manner. We found the maximum effect at 2.5 mg/mL concentration at 72 h. We calculated IC50 values for these varieties at 24 h. IC50 values for Khalas, Abu-Maan and Mabroom were 0.982 mg/mL, 1.149 mg/mL and 2.213 mg/mL respectively. We treated the cells with IC50 values of extracts and observed changes in protein profile using human kinase array kit. After analyzing the results, we suggest that EGFR/ERK/FAK pathway, eNOS and src family proteins are targets of these extracts. We conclude that date pits extracts can be a possible therapeutic agent against cancer and we suggest further studies

Predictors of Acute Stent Thrombosis After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

OBJECTIVES To identify the specific predictors of acute stent thrombosis in patients after primary percutaneous coronary intervention.METHODOLOGY This retrospective study was carried out at the Department of Cardiology Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from 1st January to 30th June 2022. All consecutive patients with an angiographically confirmed stent thrombosis were enrolled. Patients gave informed consent for the inclusion of data in this registry. Stent thrombosis was categorized according to the timing of the event as acute (occurrence within the first 24 hours after the index procedure).RESULTSA total of 400 patients were included in the study. Age ranged between 35-70 years, with a mean age of 52.5. There were 260(65%) males and 140(35%) females, with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. All patients underwent primary PCI with stent implantation. According to the elapsed time since stent implantation, 42(10.5%) patients presented with acute stent thrombosis after primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The mean time to develop acute stent thrombosis after primary PCI was ±4.5 hours (range 3-6 hours). In most STEMI patients, 340(85%) received a loading dose of clopidogrel at the time of the index PCI. In 23(54.7%) patients, acute stent thrombosis occurred within 6 hours, 10(23.8%) within 12 hours, 6(14.2%) within 18 hours and 3(7.1%) after clopidogrel loading.CONCLUSIONInadequate stent expansion or mal-opposition, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and female gender were the strong predictors of acute stent thrombosis