Solitary Crossed Renal Ectopia with Vesicoureteral Reflux

Solitary crossed renal ectopia is a rare anomaly of the urinary tract. This anomaly is often diagnosed incidentally when patients are being evaluated for other associated findings including genitourinary, cardiovascular, hematological or vertebral abnormalities. We report a boy with solitary crossed renal ectopia that was considered a solitary normal positioning kidney by ultrasonography and dimercaptosuccinic acid scan.  However, voiding cystourethrogram revealed vesicoureteral reflux and crossed ectopia. Therefore, in any normal appearing solitary kidney, crossed ectopia may be a possible finding. Keywords: EctopicKidney; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux; Ureter.

The epidemiology of microbial agents related to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)

     Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the autoimmune diseases which affects the central nervous system and its etiology has not yet been identified. The disparity between youth and disability in reproductive ages is considered to be of particular importance for this disease and the need for research which illuminates various epidemiological, etiologic, clinical and therapeutic angles of multiple sclerosis is deeply felt. The purpose of this study is to consider the epidemiology of microbial agents related to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). From 37 patients with multiple sclerosis according to the physician examination and McDonald criteria , serum samples were taken. Until testing, serum samples were stored in a freezer at -70 ° C. Subsequently, viral and bacterial agents were identified using specific primers and PCR method. In this study, the numbers of microbial agents were as the following: 7 retrovirus associated with MS (MRSV), 17 EBV, 8 HSV6, 11 JC virus, 10 CMV, 8 B19, 14Corona virus, 1 Helicobacter pylori, 15 Acinetobacter, 9 Borrelia burgdorferi, and 19 Chlamydia pneumonia. Identification of the relationship between different infectious agents in MS is necessary to prepare feasible data about tracing and treatment of MS related to these microorganisms that may be beneficial to clinicians to select a convenient empirical therapeutic diet in MS related to pathogens at the bedhead and can open up a new path to new therapeutic approaches.

Synthesis of Nano Magnetite Fe3O4 Based Vanadic Acid: A Highly Efficient and Recyclable Novel Nano-catalyst for the Synthesis of 4,4’-(arylmethylene)-bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols)

Nano magnetic Fe3O4 based vanadic acid [MNPs@VO(OH)2] (average diameter 20–26 nm) has been synthesized by grafting VOCl3 on the Fe3O4 surface nanoparticles as a retrievable supporter to produce novel heterogeneous reusable solid acid with dual ability (Bronsted and Lewis acid) followed by stirring in the air. The resultant material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Significantly, the as-prepared [MNPs@VO(OH)2] exhibits a high catalytic activity in the synthesis of 4,4’-(arylmethylene)bis(3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ols). Additionally, the newly synthesized heterogeneous solid acid catalyst can be reused for several times without apparent loss of its catalytic activity. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Association of the Myocilin Gene Polymorphism With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Glaucoma is the second cause of irreversible blindness, and the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) subtype is the most common type of glaucoma. It has been shown that genetic mutations increase the risk of POAG used for early detection. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between genetic variations of Myocilin (MYOC) gene and susceptibility to POAG in the Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on patients with POAG, referred to Khatam-al Anbia Eye Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The control group was selected from healthy patients with a refractive disorder, who had referred to this hospital. After extracting the DNA from the whole blood sample, the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphisms (PCR-SSCP) method was used to discriminate variability in sequences in three exons of MYOC gene locus, known as GLC1A. Clinical characteristics of the subjects, comprised of visual acuity, Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR), and Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP) were statistically compared between the wild and mutant type of the MYOC gene using independent samples t-test, Chi-square, and logistic regression test with SPSS version 15.0 software. P-values of < 0.05 were considered significant. One hundred and forty participants (75.1% males) were studied in two groups of case (n = 70) and control (n = 70). The frequency of mutant alleles in patients and healthy groups was statistically significant (40% versus 11.5%, Odd’s Ratio (OR): 5.1, CI 95% for OR: 2.1 to 12.4, P-value < 0.001). Also, the detected mutation in the case group was significantly higher in exon 1 and 3 (15.7% versus 0%, P-value = 0.001, and 11.5% versus 2.8%, P-value = 0.049, respectively). Based on the result of the current study, it seems that the MYOC gene polymorphisms increased the risk of POAG in the Iranian population

Association of the Myocilin Gene Polymorphism With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

Glaucoma is the second cause of irreversible blindness, and the Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) subtype is the most common type of glaucoma. It has been shown that genetic mutations increase the risk of POAG used for early detection. The aim of the current study was to determine the association between genetic variations of Myocilin (MYOC) gene and susceptibility to POAG in the Iranian population. This case-control study was conducted on patients with POAG, referred to Khatam-al Anbia Eye Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The control group was selected from healthy patients with a refractive disorder, who had referred to this hospital. After extracting the DNA from the whole blood sample, the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphisms (PCR-SSCP) method was used to discriminate variability in sequences in three exons of MYOC gene locus, known as GLC1A. Clinical characteristics of the subjects, comprised of visual acuity, Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR), and Intra-Ocular Pressure (IOP) were statistically compared between the wild and mutant type of the MYOC gene using independent samples t-test, Chi-square, and logistic regression test with SPSS version 15.0 software. P-values of < 0.05 were considered significant. One hundred and forty participants (75.1% males) were studied in two groups of case (n = 70) and control (n = 70). The frequency of mutant alleles in patients and healthy groups was statistically significant (40% versus 11.5%, Odd’s Ratio (OR): 5.1, CI 95% for OR: 2.1 to 12.4, P-value < 0.001). Also, the detected mutation in the case group was significantly higher in exon 1 and 3 (15.7% versus 0%, P-value = 0.001, and 11.5% versus 2.8%, P-value = 0.049, respectively). Based on the result of the current study, it seems that the MYOC gene polymorphisms increased the risk of POAG in the Iranian population

The Resistance Pattern of Helicobacter Pylori Isolated in the Northeast of Iran, Mashhad

Introduction: Based on serological studies, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in Iranian adults is up to 80%. Gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma are common clinical outcomes of this infection in Iran. Since antibiotic resistance patterns of Helicobacter pylori are geographically different, local studies are highly required.Methods: Eighty isolates of Helicobacter pylori were obtained from patients referred to the endoscopy unit of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. Demographic features including age, gender, and symptoms were recorded before the sampling. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined for the five common antibiotics used for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. The agar dilution method was used to evaluate the antibiotic resistance patterns.Results: The patterns of antibiotic resistance were determined, and 41.2%, 13.7%, 8.7%, 6.6%, and 6.6% of isolates were resistant to metronidazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and furazolidone, respectively.Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the overall rate of antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori especially in the case of metronidazole has increased over time. The resistance rates are generally higher in the age range of 30-60 years and in females for the case of metronidazole. This reminds us of the need for a continuous monitoring program of antibiotic susceptibility patterns

Nanoparticles of Conjugated Methotrexate-Human Serum Albumin: Preparation and Cytotoxicity Evaluations

Methotrexate-human serum albumin conjugates were developed by a simple carbodiimide reaction. Methotrexate-human serum albumin conjugates were then crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide HCl (EDC) to form nanoparticles. The size of nanoparticles determined by laser light scattering and TEM was between 90–150 nm. Nanoparticles were very stable at physiologic conditions (PBS pH 7.4, 37∘C) and after incubation with serum. The effect of amount of EDC used for crosslinking on the particle size and free amino groups of nanoparticles was examined. The amount of crosslinker showed no significant effect on the size of nanoparticles but free amino groups of nanoparticles were decreased by increasing the crosslinker. The physicochemical interactions between methotrexate and human serum albumin were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Nanoparticles were more cytotoxic on T47D cells compared to free methotrexate. Moreover, methotrexate-human serum albumin nanoparticles decreased the IC50 value of methotrexate on T47D cells in comparison with free methotrexate

The Yin and Yang of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Use for Oral and Periodontal Health: A Literature Review

Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant, which has a wide range of usage in the health sector and in dental pharmaceutical products, especially in toothpastes. The objective of this review was to investigate the effects of SLS containing dentifrices on oral and periodontal health, possible side effects, and its benefits. A thorough literature search was done using databases of PubMed and Google Scholar and finally, 40 articles were included in the study. This narrative review revealed the sources of discrepancy and conflicting results regarding the impact of SLS on oral cavity as well as a lack of sufficient evidence in most topics. Hence, the evidence suggests improved drug bioavailability when used as a solubilizer, improved plaque control, and reduction in bad breath. On the other hand, SLS can serve as a risk indicator of prolonged oral wound healing time, recurrent aphthous stomatitis