Determining the Efficiency of Carbonaceous Adsorbents in Removing Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution

The increase of various industries and the growth of the earth's population have caused various types of contamination in the environment. Anionic contaminants are one of the most important contaminants in water, which have many risks to human health and living organisms and also have many important environmental risks. Therefore, it is important to modify these resources. Studies showed that the use of biochar and metal-coated biochar effectively leads to the removal of a significant amount of contaminants from water and soil, but so far, the effect of carbon-metal composite on the removal of contaminants, especially anionic contaminants, has not been comprehensively investigated. In this research, the effect of biochar, metal-coated biochar and biochar-metal composite on the removal of chromium from water was investigated. Metal-coated biochars and various biochar-metal composites were prepared from the combination of metals (copper, iron and aluminum) with agricultural residues (rice straw) in raw form or as a biochar. The samples included Biochar, Copper-coated biochar, Aluminum-coated biochar, Iron-coated biochar, Copper composite, Aluminum composite, and Iron composite. In the first stage, the optimal conditions for contaminant removal were investigated, then an optimal amount of adsorbents and contaminant with a concentration of 20 mg/L and pH=6 were combined and shaken for three hours. until they reached equilibrium. After centrifugation and filtration, the final concentration of the contaminant was read and the chromium removal percentage was calculated. The results of the present research showed that the application of iron composite and iron-coated biochar could remove 90.32 and 93.71 percent of chromium pollutant from the aqueous solution, respectively. Therefore, the use of these adsorbents can remediate chromium-contaminated water

term Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Amount of Nitrogen, Phosphor and Potassium and Growth Characteristics of Wheat

For investigate the effects of applying three and five continuous periods of municipal solid waste (MSW) and vermicompost (VC) with and without chemical fertilizer (CF) on the amount of nitrogen (N), phosphor (P) and potassium (K) and some growth characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum line N-8118), a pot experiment was conducted in split plot based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots, was ten fertilizer levels including: control (without MSW and CF), chemical fertilizer based on soil test, 4 levels of MSW  and 4 levels of  VC (20 and 40 ton.ha-1 without and with half of CF) and sub plots are applying 3 and 5 continuous periods of fertilizers. Results showed that, concentration of leaf N, P and K and also, height, number of tillers, leaf surface and amount of chlorophylls (a and a+b) of plant in booting with applying MSW and VC caused significant increasing compared to control. The highest amount of leaf area was resulted with applying 5 continuous periods of 20 ton MSW with half of CF, the maximum amount of chlorophylls (a, b, total and SPAD), number of tillers and leaf nitrogen content with application 40 ton VC enriched with half fertilizer and also, the maximum amount of P and K accumulated in leaf in 40 ton MSW enriched with half fertilizer treatment. Meanwhile, concentration of P and K, flag leaf and content of leaf chlorophyll (a and a+b) increased with increasing fertilizer use periods from 3 to 5. Therefore, it can be concluded that applying organic fertilizers especially composted form would have, useful effects on plant growth and increasing the concentration of N, P and K of wheat leaf

The Effect of Sewage Sludge Application on the Amount of Microelements in Soil and Absorption in Medicinal Plant Borage (Borago Officinalis eL.)

In order to investigate the effect of Sewage Sludge (SS) application on  the amount of micro elements in soil and absorption of these elements in plant organs of medicinal plant borage (Borago Officinalis), an experiment was carried out in split plot based on complete randomized block design in three replications in the field of the University of Agricultural of Sari. fertilizer treatments were two leves 20 and 40 tons per hectare of  sewage sludge, mix SS and fertilizer, fertilizer and control and years of consumption were inclusive: (1385), (1385 and 1387), (1385 and 1386), (1385, 1386, 1388), (1385, 1386 and 1387) and (1385, 1386, 1387 and 1388). The results of the study showed that fertilizer treatments, on the amount of absorbent micro-elements in the soil , leaves and petal of plant were significant. The years of fertilzer consumption on the all of the cases except amount of Zn and Mn absorbent in leaves of plant had a significantly effect. The interaction between years of consumption of fertilizers and fertilizer treatments on concentration of all of micro-element except Mn in the soil were significant, in the leaves had a significantly effect on the amount of Fe and Cu absorbent only and in the petal showed significant effect on the amount of Mn and Cu absorben

Response of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) to Type and Amount of Organic Fertilizer Applications in Intercropping with Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

To investigate the effect of organic fertilizer applications on yield and competition indices of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in different combinations of intercropping with sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), an experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2011. The main plots were six fertilizer treatments consisted of 20 and 40 Mg ha-1 of vermicompost and sewage sludge plus 50% recommended chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer alone (100 kg ha-1 of urea, triple super phosphate and potassium sulfate) and control (no fertilizer application). Subplots were different planting ratios (sole cropping of basil and sesame, 75% + 25%, 50% + 50 %, 25% + 75% of basil+sesame). In this experiment, the 25% basil+75% sesame and 50% basil + 50%sesame under40 Mg. ha-1 of enriched sewage sludge application had the highest economical yield (up to 3097.47 kg ha-1) with a land equivalent ratio (up to 1.24). According to the aggressivity coefficient estimates of two plant species basil incombination of 25% basil + 75% sesame and sesame in 50% basil + 50% sesame and 75% basil + 25% sesame under organic fertilizer application would be dominant species competitave in ranges of 0.12 to 0.30 and 0.11 to 0.57, respectively

Response of leaf area and dry matter of crop, weeds and cover crops to competition and fertilizer resources

Plasticity of plants to allocate leaf area and dry matter to upper layer of canopy play important role in canopy architecture and competition. In order to study the vertical distribution of leaf area and dry matter of corn (<em>Zea mays</em> L.), cover crops and weeds canopy in different fertilizer condition and competition, a randomized complete block design experiment with 8 treatments and 3 replicates was conducted at Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University in 2012. Treatments were included corn with soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> (L.) Merr.)<strong> </strong>as cover crop without fertilizer application, corn with soybean as cover crop with chemical fertilizer application, corn with soybean as cover crop with compost fertilizer application, corn with wheat (<em>Triticum aesitivum</em> L.) as cover crop without fertilizer application, corn with wheat as cover crop with chemical fertilizer application, corn with wheat as cover crop with compost fertilizer application and corn monoculture both in weedy and weed free conditions. The results showed that weed infestation reduced total leaf area and dry matter of corn. Corn distributed more leaf area and dry mater of canopy to the upper layer in weedy conditions. Between cover crops, soybeans allocated corn leaf area and dry mater to the higher layers of canopy than wheat. Also, soybean reduced leaf area and dry mater production of weeds more than wheat. Soybean as cover crop with the use of compost treatment was more efficient in reducing of weed biomass and corn yield production

Fabrication of magnetic niosomal platform for delivery of resveratrol: potential anticancer activity against human pancreatic cancer Capan-1 cell

Abstract Recently, the presence of different nanoparticles (NPs) has developed targeting drug delivery in treatment of cancer cell. Targeted drug delivery systems using NPs have shown great promise in improving the efficacy of intracellular uptake as well as local concentration of therapeutics with minimizing side effects. The current study planned to synthesized resveratrol-loaded magnetic niosomes nanoparticles (RSV-MNIONPs) and evaluate their cytotoxicity activity in pancreatic cancer cells. For this aim, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and loaded into niosomes (NIOs) by the thin film hydration technique and then characterized via DLS, FT-IR, TEM, SEM and VSM techniques. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the RSV-MNIONPs on the Capan-1 cells line was assessed by the MTT test. The distribution number of RSV-MNIONPs was gained about 80 nm and 95 nm with surface charge of − 14.0 mV by SEM and TEM analysis, respectively. RSV loading efficacy in NIOs was about 85%, and the drug releases pattern displayed a sustained discharge with a maximum amount about 35% and 40%, within 4 h in pH = 7.4 and pH = 5.8, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the RSV-MNIONPs in the presence of an external magnetic field is higher than that of the RSV, indicating enhanced cellular uptake in their encapsulated states. Furthermore, RSV loaded MNNPs were found to induce more cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 checkpoint than free RSV. Compared with RSV-treated cells, the mRNA expression levels of BAX, Bcl2, FAS, P 53, Cyclin D and hTERT, were significantly changed in cells treated with RSV loaded MNNPs. The niosomes NPs approaches have been widely used to attain higher solubility, improved bioavailability, enhanced stability, and control delivery of RSV. Our formulation displayed antitumor activity and can be considered an appropriate carrier with a great potential for future usage in cancer therapy

TTG IgA in Functional Constipation: Is It Rational to Be Evaluated?

Background: It is suggested that constipation could be due to celiac disease (CD); therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of positive tissue transglutaminase (tTG) IgA test among children with functional constipation (FC). Methods: In this case-control study, 182 consecutive patients with FC who fulfilled the Rome III criteria as cases were compared with 240 healthy children as the control group in terms of suspicious CD by measuring the serum tTG IgA level. Results: There was a significant difference in favor of the case group in terms of serum tTG IgA levels (P = 0.000). The probability of having CD would change based on belonging to each group (case/control odds ratio [OR] = 0.222). Conclusion: With respect to these data, tTG IgA level was observed to be significantly higher in patients relative to healthy children; therefore, it is recommended that patients be screened for CD through the tTG IgA