Cyber security for smart grid: a human-automation interaction framework

Abstract-- Power grid cyber security is turning into a vital concern, while we are moving from the traditional power grid toward modern Smart Grid (SG). To achieve the smart grid objectives, development of Information Technology (IT) infrastructure and computer based automation is necessary. This development makes the smart grid more prone to the cyber attacks. This paper presents a cyber security strategy for the smart grid based on Human Automation Interaction (HAI) theory and especially Adaptive Autonomy (AA) concept. We scheme an adaptive Level of Automation (LOA) for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. This level of automation will be adapted to some environmental conditions which are presented in this paper. The paper presents a brief background, methodology (methodology design), implementation and discussions. Index Terms—smart grid, human automation interaction, adaptive autonomy, cyber security, performance shaping facto

The isolation and preliminary characterization of native cyanobacterial and microalgal strains from lagoons contaminated with petroleum oil in Khark Island

Introduction: Algae has many applications in terms of ecology, biodiversity, agriculture, medicine, biotechnology, industry, etc. They are potent organisms in bio-active compound production, bioremediation and primary producer. Therefore, it is important to discover local strains with biotechnological and ecological applications. Materials and methods: Soil and water samples were collected from different sites of Khark Island (Persian Gulf). The samples were cultivated and purified using different techniques. Seven different antibiotics together with other physical methods used to purify the isolates. Results: Throughout the project 7 strains including 2 eukaryotic algae and 5 cyanobacteria have been isolated. Imipenem and cycloheximide were the best antibiotics for purification of cultures. Three of isolates were morphologically similar to Arthronema africanum, Pseudanabaena teremula, Anabaenopsis sp. However, they have some different characteristics which according to the present identification keys it is not possible to identify their identity (they have nominated Kh.C.d2, Kh.T.1 and Kh.T.2). Discussion and conclusion: According to the results, isolated strains were identified at the genus level based on morphology characters; therefore the complementary examinations such as molecular identification, ITS, 18s rRNA, 16s rRNA and sequencing can help to approve the strains identity. Upon approval of the new strains account for morphological traits are necessary for their easy identification. The Imipenem antibiotic is the best for eukaryotic algae purification and Cycloheximide is suitable for prokaryotic algae (cyanobacteria) purification

Studying of Biomineralization on Badab Sourt travertine deposit spring, Kiasar, Mazandaran Province

Introduction: Travertine results in the accumulation of calcium carbonate on karst springs, hot springs, small rivers and marshes. Badab Sourt is the travertine-maker spring that located in Mazandaran province and is the second natural place in Iran. It has two springheads with different characteristics and different colors and different sediments that give unique beauty to spring. Travertine is a good model to study the relationship between environment and microorganisms. This study centered on the influence of microorganisms on precipitation of calcium carbonate and isolation of microorganisms that have precipitation potential. Materials and methods: Here, to assess effects of microorganisms on mineralization were used microscopic and culture methods; from stone samples, photos have gotten with SEM and polarizing microscope and from water sample bacteria were isolated. Mineralization function of bacteria was investigated with culturing them on B4 medium and mineralization potential was approved by polarizing microscope. Results: SEM photos showed microorganisms have effect on mineralization and can act as a nucleus in beginning of crystal production. Finally, five strains Bss-3, Bsw-28d, Bss-11a, Bsw-1c1, and Bsw-39b were isolated, which have ability to precipitate calcium carbonate. In between strain Bss-3 that has 99.6% similarity with taxon Labrenzia aggregate IAM 12614T was the first report that has the ability to precipitate calcium carbonate and among the strains, strain Bsw-28d with precipitation of 45.6 mg / ml CaCO3 was the best strain. Discussion and conclusion: Microorganisms are important in the formation and evolution of their surrounding environments, thereby native microbes must be concerned for conserving and restoring the environments