The Effects of Bottom Ash from MSWI Used as Mineral Additions in Concrete

Municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) produce by products which can be classified as bottom and fly ashes. The bottom ash accounts for 85–90 % of the solid product resulting from MSW combustion. The aimed of the present work is to study the effect of replacing partial of bottom ash were manufactured. Fresh and hardened properties of the concrete were compared in order to study the suitable cement-bottom ash replacement. Bottom ash was found to have some reactivity, but without greatly affecting the hydration process of OPC at 10 % replacement. However at more than 10 % replacement, the addition of bottom ash greatly affected strength

Efficient Photoelectrochemical Performance of Gamma Irradiated gC3N4 and its g-C3N4@BiVO4 Heterojunction for Solar Water Splitting

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the American Chemical Society via the DOI in this recordComprehensive experimental and density functional theory simulations have been performed for the enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of gamma irradiated g-C3N4 and its heterojunction with BiVO4. The structure and morphology of g-C3N4@BiVO4 as a heterojunction were analyzed and verified from the correlation of experimental and theoretical data. It is found that gamma radiations have changed the bonding structure of g-C3N4 which ultimately reduces the optical bandgap energy. Moreover, the performance of gamma-irradiated g-C3N4 is two-fold, compared to that of non-irradiated one; increases from 3.59 to 5.86 µAcm-2 at 1.23 V versus Ag/AgCl in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution (pH 7). Finally, it is observed that the performance of gamma irradiated g-C3N4 in g-C3N4@BiVO4 heterojunction increased from 0.53 mA cm-2 to 1.38 mA cm-2, compared to that of the non–irradiated one. In summary, it has been concluded that gamma-irradiated g-C3N4 and its heterojunction is potentially be applied in PEC solar water splitting.National University of Malaysi

Pavement structural assessment using automated tools: a comparative study

Pavement distress evaluation was traditionally conducted through visual observation. Traditional practice requires a person to walk along the stretch of pavement in order to survey distresses, take photos, and measure defects occurred at the deteriorated surface. However, this approach is too subjective causes inconsistencies of information, less reliable and time-consuming. Due to these shortcomings, the practitioners in pavement maintenance sector seek for a reliable alternative tools and techniques to arrest incapability of traditional approach. This research aimed to investigate feasibility of automated tools for pavement structural assessment conducting a comparative study. Series of interviews with expert panels and comparison matrix have been conducted comparing Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), Infrared Thermograph (IR), and Portable Seismic Pavement Analyzer (PSPA) by investigating across parameters; cost-time effectiveness, operating principle, depth of performance, method of application, and limitations of pavement evaluations. The research indicated the Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is highly advantageous over IR and PSPA for pavement structural assessment. The GPR, as a geophysical tool, has extensive capabilities to accommodate data in pavement assessment, geotechnical investigation and structural assessment. GPR can considerably perform at high speed and save time. It is also beneficial for long-term investment with deeper information. Notably, the interpretation of radar gram images of GPR tool needs sufficient time and skill

Plant Key Success Factor through Spare Parts Inventory Management

The relationships between a plant operational reliability and its key success factors are discussed in this paper. Several critical factors including effective spare parts management, maintenance approach and continuous improvement is explore along with plant operation reliability. Subsequently, the plant spare parts plays a vital role in many of the global industries and the inventory management of spare parts can be a strategic importance in it as costs and capital are tied together with it in many areas. The key success factors could be applied accordingly for the optimization of the plant that will benefit the stakeholders involved

Peningkatan kecekapan pemisahan air menggunakan g-C3N4 yang disinar gama

Dalam kajian ini, kesan sinar gama ke atas bahan semikonduktor g-C3N4 kGy (0.1 kGy dan 0.5) dibincangkan dan dibandingkan dengan sampel yang tidak disinar untuk melihat perbezaanya. Bahan g-C3N4 disintesis dari urea melalui proses pempolimeran haba pada suhu 520°C. Struktur dan morfologi g-C3N4 dianalisis dengan menggunakan pembelauan Sinar- X (XRD), spektroskopi transformasi Fourier inframerah (FT-IR), mikroskop pengimbas elektron pancaran medan dengan spektroskopi tenaga sinar-X (FESEM-EDX), spektroskopi cahaya nampak - ultraungu (UV-Vis) dan ketumpatan arus (LSV). Sinar gama telah mengubah struktur ikatan g-C3N4 dan mengurangkan sela jalur iaitu daripada 2.80 eV kepada 2.72 eV. Di samping itu, sampel g-C3N4 yang disinar pada 0.1 kGy menghasilkan prestasi lima kali ganda lebih tinggi iaitu daripada 3.59 μAcm-2 kepada 14.2 μAcm-2 pada 1.23 V lawan Ag/AgCl dalam larutan elektrolit 0.5 M Na2SO4 (pH7). Kesimpulannya, keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahan semikonduktor yang dirawat dengan sinar gama berpotensi untuk meningkatkan fotoelektrokimia (PEC) pemisahan air

A Risk Assessment in Natural Gas Supply

The purpose of this study is to identify the risk of natural gas supply. There are two modes of delivering the natural gas which are the pipeline system and ships. In view of this, there are risks faced by producer in dealing with the supply of natural gas. The risk can be categorized as market risk, supply risk, and transportation risk. Market risk refers to the risk of macroeconomic, supply risk refers to risk of physical distribution in gas supplies and transportation risk refers to a set of accidental leakage scenarios that happen when the delivering occur

DNA SEQUENCE DESIGN FOR DNA COMPUTATION BASED ON BINARY PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION

Abstract. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) has certain unique properties such as selfassembly and self-complementary in hybridization, whic

Magnetic Moments and Ordered States in Pyrochlore Iridates Nd2Ir2O7 and Sm2Ir2O7 Studied by Muon-Spin Relaxation

Magnetic-ordered states of the pyrochlore iridates Nd2Ir2O7 (Nd227) and Sm2Ir2O7 (Sm227), showing metal–insulator transitions at 33 and 117 K, respectively, were studied by both the muon-spin-relaxation (μSR) method and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. A long-range magnetic ordering of Ir moments appeared in conjunction with the metal insulator transition, and additional long-range-ordered states of Nd/Sm moments were confirmed at temperatures below about 10 K. We found that the all-in all-out spin structure most convincingly explained the present μSR results of both Nd227 and Sm227. Observed internal fields were compared with values derived from DFT calculations. The lower limits of the sizes of magnetic moments were estimated to be 0.12 μB and 0.2 μB for Ir and Nd moments in Nd227, and 0.3 μB and 0.1 μB for Ir and Sm moments in Sm227, respectively. Further analysis indicated that the spin coupling between Ir and Nd/Sm moments was ferromagnetic for Nd227 and antiferromagnetic for Sm227

A Risk Assessment in Natural Gas Supply

The purpose of this study is to identify the risk of natural gas supply.There are two modes of delivering the natural gas which are the pipeline system and ships.In view of this, there are risks faced by producer in dealing with the supply of natural gas. The risk can be categorized as market risk, supply risk, and transportation risk.Market risk refers to the risk of macroeconomic, supply risk refers to risk of physical distribution in gas supplies and transportation risk refers to a set of accidental leakage scenarios that happen when the delivering occur

A risk assessment in natural gas supply

The purpose of this study is to identify the risk of natural gas supply. There are two modes of delivering the natural gas which are the pipeline system and ships. In view of this, there are risks faced by producer in dealing with the supply of natural gas. The risk can be categorized as market risk, supply risk, and transportation risk. Market risk refers to the risk of macroeconomic, supply risk refers to risk of physical distribution in gas supplies and transportation risk refers to a set of accidental leakage scenarios that happen when the delivering occur