Effect of peat, compost, and charcoal on transport of fipronil in clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil

This study used 30 cm long packed by 3 kg soil columns to explore the effects of peat, compost, and charcoal at 5% on the movement of fipronil (99.9 % purity) in clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil. The soil columns were preconditioned with calcium chloride solution (0.01 M) before applying the pesticide and potassium iodide. Potassium iodide solution (0.2 M) was added at a rate of 10 mL as a water tracer and a quantity of fipronil solution (10 µg g-1soil) was applied on the soil surface of each column. Next, fipronil was leached from the soil columns with a calcium chloride solution (0.1 M) and the leachates were collected and analyzed. The results show that water tracer I- leached fast in soil columns. The breakthrough curve of fipronil appeared from leachates of soil columns after iodide for a while, indicating that fipronil is a moderate or lower mobile compound depending on type of soil and type of soil amendments. In general, adding soil amendments (peat, compost, and charcoal) to clay loam soil and sandy clay loam soil resulted in improved fipronil adsorption and decreased the amount of fipronil that leached into groundwater. This study is very useful for preserving groundwater from pollution, especially in the Middle East due to the lack of water sources

Evaluation of Post-Operative Sensitivity of Bulk Fill Resin Composite versus Nano Resin Composite: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in restorative dentistry adhesive restorations may cause postoperative sensitivity which leads to restoration failure. AIM: This study aimed to compare and evaluate the incremental and bulk fill resin Composite postoperative sensitivity in class II posterior restorations bonded with two adhesive systems (self-etch and etch-and-rinse). METHODS: Sixty patients were randomly selected, their age range from twenty-five to forty years old, divided into two groups according to the packing technique of resin composite material; incremental Tetric Evoceram and Tetric Evoceram bulk-fill resin composite. Thirty patients (n = 30) for incremental Tetric Evoceram resin composite restorations and according to the adhesive systems used they were equally divided (n = 15 teeth).Thirty patients (n = 30) for Tetric Evoceram bulk-fill resin composite restorations and according to the adhesive systems used (etch and rinse or self-etch), they were equally divided (n = 15 teeth). Post-operative pain assessed at 24 hours, 1 week and 1 month using the Visual Analog Scale Score (VAS). Each patient was instructed to put a mark on the VAS line at home to point out the intensity of pain at each assessment period. The problem of measuring the pain that pain tolerance of individuals may be different from the others. This may be due to different reasons, and it is not always because of a problem in the restoration RESULTS: After 1 day, 1 week as well as 1 month, no statistically significant disagreement between the two resin composite types using self-etch adhesive strategy and total-etch adhesive strategy. Also, when the two adhesive systems were compared using Bulk Fill resin composite and incremental Nano resin composite no statistically significant disagreement between the two adhesive systems after 1 day, 1 week as well as 1 month. CONCLUSION: The post-operative hypersensitivity is related to many factors as the procedure of cavity preparation, adhesive approach, and type of resin composite used and placement technique of the resin composite

Experimental modeling design to study the effect of different soil treatments on the dissipation of metribuzin herbicide with effect on dehydrogenase activity

The dissipation and side-effect of metribuzin (MBZ) were studied with various factors; two soil types (clay loam and sandy loam), soil amendment (wheat straw and without amendment), two temperature levels (25 and 50°C), sterilization (sterilized and unsterilized soil) and time of incubation (15 and 30 days) and designed by Windows version of MINITAB software package to reduce the time and the cost as well as increased the precision. Determination of MBZ by HPLC with recoveries ranged from 50.85 to 108.09%. The MBZ residues were detected in all samples up to 60 days of storage, respectively with decline in their concentrations with the time of incubation. The clay loam soil showed higher dissipation than the sandy loam soil. The different factors in the present study confirmed that the wheat straw amendment, non-sterilization and incubation at 50°C caused higher dissipation of MBZ than without wheat straw, sterilization and incubation at 25°C. The dissipation was described mathematically by a first order equation with t0.5 was ranged from 9.62 to 16.82 days in clay loam soil and from 10.01 to 16.04 days in sandy loam soil. The side-effect of MBZ was tested on soil dehydrogenase activity that can be considered as an indicator of the biological activity and microbial degradation. The result proved that the enzyme activity was significantly decreased in all treatments compared with the controls at 1 and 3 days of incubation then it was gradually increased at 7, 10, 15 and 30 days of incubation. Treatments of wheat straw, non-sterilized and incubated at 25°C or 50°C showed the lowest enzyme inhibition among all treatments

Régulation de l'absorption intestinale du calcium chez le chamelon (Camelus dromedarius)

L'hypercalcémie et l'hyperphosphatémie postprandiales, ainsi que l'absorption intestinale du calcium (Ca), ont été mesurées chez 12 chamelons. Les animaux ont été divisés en quatre groupes de trois individus. Les groupes 1 et 2 ont reçu une perfusion intraveineuse (IV) respectivement du fragment synthétique du peptide apparenté à l'hormone parathyroïdienne (PTHrP) et du solvant. Au début de la perfusion, les groupes 1 et 2 ont reçu par voie orale du lait artificiel. Les groupes 3 et 4 ont reçu des injections IV respectivement de 1 [alpha],25-dihydroxyvitamine D3 (1([alpha],25(OH)2D3) et du solvant. A la dernière injection, les groupes 3 et 4 ont reçu par voie orale une solution de SrCI2. Le PTHrP a induit une élévation significative de l'hypercalcémie et de l'hyperphosphatémie postprandiales. Ce peptide n'a influencé ni le volume urinaire, ni l'excrétion rénale du Ca, alors qu'il a provoqué une augmentation de l'excrétion rénale du phosphore (P). La 1[alpha],25(OH)2D3 a engendré une augmentation significative des taux plasmatiques du strontium (Sr), du Ca et du P. La 1[alpha],25(OH)2D, n'a induit d'effet significatif ni sur le volume urinaire, ni sur l'excrétion rénale du Ca, du P et du Sr. Au vu de ces résultats, le PTHrP et la 1[alpha],25(OH)2D3 semblent jouer un rôle prépondérant dans la croissance osseuse chez le chamelon. (Résumé d'auteur