Effect of dietary iron overload in rat brain: Oxidative stress, neurotransmitter level and serum metal ion in relation to neurodegenerative disorders

855-858Excess iron causes cell injury by reacting with superoxide anions (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and producing hydroxyl radical (OH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the present study, albino rats were fed with biscuits enriched with ferrous sulphate (0.3% w/w) for 10 weeks to have overload iron conditions and observed a significant decrease in serum chromium, brain serotonin and dopamine, while iron and zinc increased significantly in serum. Increasing iron level might be responsible for accelerated dopamine oxidation with subsequent quinone formation

10-Dehydrogingerdione Attenuates Tramadol-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Modulating Renal Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis in Experimental Rats: Role of HO-1 Activation and TLR4/NF-κB/ERK Inhibition

Tramadol represents a synthetic opioid analgesic especially for mild to severe pain. Its dose must be commonly monitored according to pain status and to alleviate the appearance of any adverse effects such as renal cellular damage during its excretion. Present work aimed mainly to study the effects of tramadol intake on renal tissues and 10-dehydrogingerdione (10-DHGD) potential as a protective agent. Tramadol administration induced an increase in serum levels of urea, creatinine, uric acid, the renal immune expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and caspase-3 which turned out to be decreased by 10-DHGD intake. Our results also recorded a significant increase in renal malondialdehyde (MDA), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1 (ERK1) along with glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) decrease due to tramadol intake, which were counteracted by 10-DHGD administration as illustrated and supported by the histopathological findings. Our conclusion refers to renoprotective potential of 10-DHGD against tramadol adverse effects