Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol for Low Cost RFID Tags

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology one of the most promising technologies in the field of ubiquitous computing. Indeed, RFID technology may well replace barcode technology. Although it offers many advantages over other identification systems, there are also associated security risks that are not easy to be addressed. When designing a real lightweight authentication protocol for low cost RFID tags, a number of challenges arise due to the extremely limited computational, storage and communication abilities of Low-cost RFID tags. This paper proposes a real mutual authentication protocol for low cost RFID tags. The proposed protocol prevents passive attacks as active attacks are discounted when designing a protocol to meet the requirements of low cost RFID tags. However the implementation of the protocol meets the limited abilities of low cost RFID tags.Comment: 11 Pages, IJNS

形状記憶合金線維を応用した大動脈拍動補助装置の開発研究

要約のみTohoku University山家智之課

Effect of Roofing Material Type on Microclimate in the Sheep Buildings

A study  was conducted on description of  the  sheep houses ( materials, location, orientation ,……etc) and its  effect on  microenvironment in  two  housing ( concrete roofing material, Iron sheet  roofing  material ) in  Giza , Egypt. In order to select the appropriate type of housing that provides the best inside climate throughout making adjustment in housing. During the experimental period, maximum temperature was recorded under Iron sheet and lowest temperature as in Concrete. The maximum protection from high temperature was given in concrete than in Iron sheet. Adjustment of temperature and relative humidity through the day   was successful under concrete than Iron sheet

Molecular genetic analysis of inherited kidney disease in Saudi Arabia

PhD ThesisInherited abnormalities of the kidney are frequently observed and represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The globally increasing number of patients with end- stage renal disease (ESRD) urges the identification of molecular pathways involved in renal pathophysiology, to serve as targets for therapeutic intervention. Data from 2010 estimates the Saudi Arabian population to be 27 million, with one of the highest growth rates in the world. The population is characterized with high consanguinity rate, large family size, and a tribal structure. The consanguinity rate results in a high incidence of autosomal recessive genetic disorders. The population is at high risk of renal failure, with 133 incident cases per million populations per year that require renal replacement therapy. In such a population, characterization of new kidney disease gene loci using homozygosity mapping and positional cloning within consanguineous families is a powerful strategy. This study aimed to adopt this approach in order to search for known and novel molecular causes of inherited kidney diseases in the Saudi population. We studied patients and families with nephrotic syndrome, renal ciliopathies, nephrocalcinosis and renal agenesis. For nephrotic syndrome, we found that the most common genetic cause was a homozygous mutation in the NPHS2 gene. Novel and reported mutations in known nephrosis genes were detected. In a family with Bardet Biedl Syndrome, we utilized zebrafish and renal epithelial cells to determine the functional significance of a novel BBS5 mutation. In another consanguineous family with an autosomal recessive syndrome of distal renal tubular acidosis, small kidneys, and nephrocalcinosis we identified a novel locus on chromosome 2. We also describe the molecular genetic investigation of families with bilateral renal agenesis. In conclusion, in the highly consanguineous Saudi population we have utilized a variety of genetic approaches to identify and characterize novel genetic variants causing inherited renal disease.King Khalid Foundatio

Mapping multiplexing technique (MMT): a novel intensity modulated transmission format for high-speed optical communication systems

There is a huge rapid growth in the deployment of data centers, mainly driven from the increasing demand of internet services as video streaming, e-commerce, Internet Of Things (IOT), social media, and cloud computing. This led data centers to experience an expeditious increase in the amount of network traffic that they have to sustain due to requirement of scaling with the processing speed of Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. On the other side, as more and more data centers and processing cores are on demand, as the power consumption is becoming a challenging issue. Unless novel power efficient methodologies are innovated, the information technology industry will be more liable to a future power crunch. As such, low complex novel transmission formats featuring both power efficiency and low cost are considered the major characteristics enabling large-scale, high performance data transmission environment for short-haul optical interconnects and metropolitan range data networks. In this thesis, a novel high-speed Intensity-Modulated Direct-Detection (IM/DD) transmission format named “Mapping Multiplexing Technique (MMT)” for high-speed optical fiber networks, is proposed and presented. Conceptually, MMT design challenges the high power consumption issue that exists in high-speed short and medium range networks. The proposed novel scheme provides low complex means for increasing the power efficiency of optical transceivers at an impactful tradeoff between power efficiency, spectral efficiency, and cost. The novel scheme has been registered as a patent (Malaysia PI2012700631) that can be employed for applications related but not limited to, short-haul optical interconnects in data centers and Metropolitan Area networks (MAN). A comprehensive mathematical model for N-channel MMT modulation format has been developed. In addition, a signal space model for the N-channel MMT has been presented to serve as a platform for comparison with other transmission formats under optical channel constraints. Especially, comparison with M-PAM, as meanwhile are of practical interest to expand the capacity for optical interconnects deployment which has been recently standardized for Ethernet IEEE 802.3bs 100Gb/s and in today ongoing investigation activities by IEEE 802.3 400Gb/s Ethernet Task Force. Performance metrics have been considered by the derivation of the average electrical and optical power for N-channel MMT symbols in comparison with Pulse Amplitude Modulation (M-PAM) format with respect to the information capacity. Asymptotic power efficiency evaluation in multi-dimensional signal space has been considered. For information capacity of 2, 3 and 4 bits/symbol, 2-channel, 3-channel and 4-channel MMT modulation formats can reduce the power penalty by 1.76 dB, 2.2 dB and 4 dB compared with 4-PAM, 8-PAM and 16-PAM, respectively. This enhancement is equivalent to 53%, 60% and 71% energy per bit reduction to the transmission of 2, 3 and 4 bits per symbol employing 2-, 3- and 4-channel MMT compared with 4-, 8- and 16-PAM format, respectively. One of the major dependable parameters that affect the immunity of a modulation format to fiber non-linearities, is the system baud rate. The propagation of pulses in fiber with bitrates in the order > 10G, is not only limited by the linear fiber impairments, however, it has strong proportionality with fiber intra-channel non-linearities (Self Phase Modulation (SPM), Intra-channel Cross-Phase Modulation (IXPM) and Intra-channel Four-Wave Mixing (IFWM)). Hence, in addition to the potential application of MMT in short-haul networks, the thesis validates the practicality of implementing N-channel MMT system accompanied by dispersion compensation methodologies to extend the reach of error free transmission (BER ≤ 10-12) for Metro-networks. N-Channel MMT has been validated by real environment simulation results to outperform the performance of M-PAM in tolerating fiber non-linearities. By the employment of pre-post compensation to tolerate both residual chromatic dispersion and non-linearity, performance above the error free transmission limit at 40Gb/s bit rate have been attained for 2-, 3- and 4-channel MMT over spans lengths of up to 1200Km, 320 Km and 320 Km, respectively. While, at an aggregated bit rate of 100 Gb/s, error free transmission can be achieved for 2-, 3- and 4-channel MMT over spans lengths of up to 480 Km, 80 Km and 160 Km, respectively. At the same spectral efficiency, 4-channel MMT has realized a single channel maximum error free transmission over span lengths up to 320 Km and 160 Km at 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s, respectively, in contrast with 4-PAM attaining 240 Km and 80 Km at 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s, respectively

Biokemijska istraživanja i ekspresija akvaporina 9 (AQP9) u divljih miševa i miševa s odstranjenim genom za AQP9

The objective of this study was to determine the cellular and subcellular localization of AQP9 in different organs of wild-type (AQP9+/+ ) and AQP9 knockout mice (AQP9-/- ) by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofl uorescence (IF) and RT-PCR, as well as some biochemical evaluation. Twenty wild and homozygous AQP9 KO-mice (C57 BL/6J) were used. Both AQP9+/+ and AQP9-/- were randomly assigned to 4 subgroups based on sex type. IHC analyses revealed AQP9 specifi c labeling in the hepatocytes, kidney, spleen and epididymis of wild type mice (AQP9+/+ ), but a complete absence of labeling in AQP9-/- mice. In the liver, labeling was strongest at the sinusoidal surface, and there was little intracellular labeling. AQP9 expression was found to be sex-linked. In the liver of females, the expression of AQP9 was mostly confi ned to perivascular hepatocytes, whereas males showed more homogeneous hepatocyte staining. Confocal immunofl uorescence confi rmed the localization of AQP9 immunostaining on the basolateral plasma membrane of hepatocytes. Compared with the control mice, serum levels of glycerol and triglycerides were signifi cantly (P<0.05) increased, in association with hypoglycemia in the AQP9-/- mice, whereas the total cholesterol, urea, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were not statistically different.Svrha ovog istraživanja bila je odrediti stanični i supstanični nalaz akvaporina AQP9 u različitim organima miševa divljeg tipa (AQP9+/+) i miševa s odstranjenim genom za AQP9 (AQP9–/–) imunohistokemijski, imunofl urescencijom i RT-PCR-om kao i biokemijskim pretragama. Upotrijebljeno je dvadeset miševa divljeg tipa i homozigotnih AQP9 „knockout“ miševa (C57 BL/6J). I jedna AQP9+/+ i druga AQP9–/– skupina miševa bile su nasumce podijeljene u četiri podskupine na osnovi spola. Imunohistokemijske pretrage pokazale su da se specifi čno obilježen AQP9 nalazi u hepatocitima, bubregu, slezeni i epididimisu miševa divljeg tipa (AQP9+/+), a da ga nema u miševa AQP9–/–. U jetri je imunohistokemijska reakcija bila najjača u sinusoidnoj površini, a slaba intracelularno. Ustanovljeno je da je ekspresija AQP9 vezana uz spol. U jetri ženki ekspresija AQP9 bila je pretežito ograničena na perivaskularne hepatocite, dok je u mužjaka obojenost hepatocita bila homogena. Konfokalnom imunofl uorescencijom potvrđena je lokalizacija AQP9 na bazolateralnoj plazminoj membrani hepatocita. U usporedbi s kontrolnim miševima serumske razine glicerola i triglicerida bile su značajno (P<0,05) povišene u pokusnih miševa te povezane s hipoglikemijom u miševa AQP9–/–, dok vrijednosti za ukupni kolesterol, ureju, alanin aminotransferazu i alkalnu fosfatazu nisu bile statistički promijenjene

Mapping multiplexing technique (MMT): a novel intensity modulated transmission format for high-speed optical communication systems

There is a huge rapid growth in the deployment of data centers, mainly driven from the increasing demand of internet services as video streaming, e-commerce, Internet Of Things (IOT), social media, and cloud computing. This led data centers to experience an expeditious increase in the amount of network traffic that they have to sustain due to requirement of scaling with the processing speed of Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology. On the other side, as more and more data centers and processing cores are on demand, as the power consumption is becoming a challenging issue. Unless novel power efficient methodologies are innovated, the information technology industry will be more liable to a future power crunch. As such, low complex novel transmission formats featuring both power efficiency and low cost are considered the major characteristics enabling large-scale, high performance data transmission environment for short-haul optical interconnects and metropolitan range data networks. In this thesis, a novel high-speed Intensity-Modulated Direct-Detection (IM/DD) transmission format named “Mapping Multiplexing Technique (MMT)” for high-speed optical fiber networks, is proposed and presented. Conceptually, MMT design challenges the high power consumption issue that exists in high-speed short and medium range networks. The proposed novel scheme provides low complex means for increasing the power efficiency of optical transceivers at an impactful tradeoff between power efficiency, spectral efficiency, and cost. The novel scheme has been registered as a patent (Malaysia PI2012700631) that can be employed for applications related but not limited to, short-haul optical interconnects in data centers and Metropolitan Area networks (MAN). A comprehensive mathematical model for N-channel MMT modulation format has been developed. In addition, a signal space model for the N-channel MMT has been presented to serve as a platform for comparison with other transmission formats under optical channel constraints. Especially, comparison with M-PAM, as meanwhile are of practical interest to expand the capacity for optical interconnects deployment which has been recently standardized for Ethernet IEEE 802.3bs 100Gb/s and in today ongoing investigation activities by IEEE 802.3 400Gb/s Ethernet Task Force. Performance metrics have been considered by the derivation of the average electrical and optical power for N-channel MMT symbols in comparison with Pulse Amplitude Modulation (M-PAM) format with respect to the information capacity. Asymptotic power efficiency evaluation in multi-dimensional signal space has been considered. For information capacity of 2, 3 and 4 bits/symbol, 2-channel, 3-channel and 4-channel MMT modulation formats can reduce the power penalty by 1.76 dB, 2.2 dB and 4 dB compared with 4-PAM, 8-PAM and 16-PAM, respectively. This enhancement is equivalent to 53%, 60% and 71% energy per bit reduction to the transmission of 2, 3 and 4 bits per symbol employing 2-, 3- and 4-channel MMT compared with 4-, 8- and 16-PAM format, respectively. One of the major dependable parameters that affect the immunity of a modulation format to fiber non-linearities, is the system baud rate. The propagation of pulses in fiber with bitrates in the order > 10G, is not only limited by the linear fiber impairments, however, it has strong proportionality with fiber intra-channel non-linearities (Self Phase Modulation (SPM), Intra-channel Cross-Phase Modulation (IXPM) and Intra-channel Four-Wave Mixing (IFWM)). Hence, in addition to the potential application of MMT in short-haul networks, the thesis validates the practicality of implementing N-channel MMT system accompanied by dispersion compensation methodologies to extend the reach of error free transmission (BER ≤ 10-12) for Metro-networks. N-Channel MMT has been validated by real environment simulation results to outperform the performance of M-PAM in tolerating fiber non-linearities. By the employment of pre-post compensation to tolerate both residual chromatic dispersion and non-linearity, performance above the error free transmission limit at 40Gb/s bit rate have been attained for 2-, 3- and 4-channel MMT over spans lengths of up to 1200Km, 320 Km and 320 Km, respectively. While, at an aggregated bit rate of 100 Gb/s, error free transmission can be achieved for 2-, 3- and 4-channel MMT over spans lengths of up to 480 Km, 80 Km and 160 Km, respectively. At the same spectral efficiency, 4-channel MMT has realized a single channel maximum error free transmission over span lengths up to 320 Km and 160 Km at 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s, respectively, in contrast with 4-PAM attaining 240 Km and 80 Km at 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s, respectively