Reinvestigation of the Reaction of Phenacy lMalononitrile with Hydrazines under Solvent Conditions

Phenacylmalononitrile 3 reacts with hydrazine hydrate in refluxing dioxan to afford the iminopyridazine derivative 6 and the pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridazine derivative 7.Compound 3 reacts also with phenylhydrazine in refluxing ethanol to afford the iminopyridazine derivative 11 along with the phenylhydrazone derivative 12. Compound 12 could be cyclized into the pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridazine derivative 13 upon reflux with sodium ethoxide

Requirements of API Documentation: A Case Study into Computer Vision Services

Using cloud-based computer vision services is gaining traction, where developers access AI-powered components through familiar RESTful APIs, not needing to orchestrate large training and inference infrastructures or curate/label training datasets. However, while these APIs seem familiar to use, their non-deterministic run-time behaviour and evolution is not adequately communicated to developers. Therefore, improving these services' API documentation is paramount-more extensive documentation facilitates the development process of intelligent software. In a prior study, we extracted 34 API documentation artefacts from 21 seminal works, devising a taxonomy of five key requirements to produce quality API documentation. We extend this study in two ways. Firstly, by surveying 104 developers of varying experience to understand what API documentation artefacts are of most value to practitioners. Secondly, identifying which of these highly-valued artefacts are or are not well-documented through a case study in the emerging computer vision service domain. We identify: (i) several gaps in the software engineering literature, where aspects of API documentation understanding is/is not extensively investigated; and (ii) where industry vendors (in contrast) document artefacts to better serve their end-developers. We provide a set of recommendations to enhance intelligent software documentation for both vendors and the wider research community.Comment: Early Access preprint for an upcoming issue of the IEEE Transactions on Software Engineerin

Studies with aza-heterocyclic N-oxides: Synthesis of some new aromatic N-oxide derivatives

Benzofuroxan derivative (1a) reacts with the cyanoacetanilides (2a-d) to give the benzimidazole derivatives (3a-d). Benzofuroxan (1b) reacts with rhodanine derivatives (4a,b) in presence of sodium ethoxide to give the arylaminobenzoimidazole derivatives (6a,b); while the last reaction afforded the thiazolidinone derivatives (8a,b) and the o-benzoquinone dioxime derivatives (9a,b) when it was repeated in the presence of sodium acetate. Moreover, a series of quinoxalinyl 1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives were prepared starting from quinoxalin-1,4-di-N-oxide derivatives (10a-c). Plausible mechanisms to account for the formation of the products are discussed

Management of comminuted distal radial fractures using volar plating versus external fixation augmented by K wires

Background: Distal radius fractures are the most common fractures of the upper extremity, representing approximately one-sixth of all fractures treated in the emergency room. Various classification systems are used to classify distal radius fractures. There are different methods for treatment of this type of fractures.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the best procedure in management of comminuted distal radial fractures and attainment of better outcomes.Patient and methods: This study involved 30 patients with distal radial fractures who divided equally into: 15 patients performed volar plate in group (A) and other 15 patients applied external fixation augmented by K-wires group (B). The follow-up in was six months.Results: The mean operation time was 54.00 ± 12.28 minutes in volar plating group, in comparison with 36.33 ± 5.16 minutes in external fixation group. There was statistically clinical significance between the two groups. Patients treated with volar plating had flexion range of 10-85, radial deviation range of 5-30 and ulnar deviation range of 20-40, while patients treated with external fixation augmented by k-wires had flexion range of 60-85, radial deviation range of 10-28 and ulnar deviation range of 20-35. Patients treated with external fixation augmented by k-wires had extension range of 45-85 better than those treated with volar plating (10-85). Patients treated with external fixation augmented by k-wires had grip strength range of 15-27, while patients treated with volar plating had grip strength range (8-27).Conclusion: Volar plating had better functional outcomes when compared to external fixation. Whereas grip strength and ROM data were similar between the two groups

Assessment of difference in the clinical and microbial spectrum of community-acquired pneumonia among Egyptian children

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant cause of respiratory morbidity and mortality in children, especially in developing countries. Chest radiography and rapid viral testing may be helpful when the diagnosis is unclear.Objective: This study aimed to find pattern community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) pathogen after introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type B (HIB) vaccine in Egypt and also to provide an update on the evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of CAP in children.Patients and methods: A cross sectional study that was conducted on 54 patients with pneumonia infection. Participation to this study was offered to all consecutive children aged 2 months to 7 years old presenting with CAP according to the WHO criteria. All cases with CAP were subjected to full history, clinical examination, radiological plan chest X-ray and laboratory and microbiological investigations. Results: The mean age was 1.79 years and mean weight was 9.61 Kg, more than half of them were male (57.4%). About 94.4% of the studied group had respiratory distress (RD) Grade I followed 70.4% had Grade II, 46.3% had grade III. The mean hemoglobin (Hb) level was 11.06 gm/dl, mean hematocrit was 32.44%, while mean neutrophil was 6.61%. Additionally, the mean platelets count was 345.81 × 103/mm3 mean CRP was 43.26 mg/dl, and the median of PCT was 1.13. All 64.8% of the studied group had disease less than 1 week ago. Regarding oxygen support 14.8% needed ventilator. Finally 22.2% were admitted to ICU.Conclusion: Bacteremia is an unusual complication of CAP in hospitalized children. Our study suggests that approximately 1% of admitted children with CAP are bacteremic