Osteopontin as a Marker of Lower Extremity Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Zagazig University

Background: Diabetic individuals often have lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD), which is a prevalent symptom of macrovascular disease with both a high prevalence and significantly worse outcomes. There are numerous biological activities for osteopontin (OPN) in health and illness. Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether serum OPN levels differ between type 2 diabetic subjects with and without LEAD and to examine the differences in serum OPN levels between subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods: Zagazig University Hospitals' Departments of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology Unit, and Biochemistry Department collaborated in this case-control study. Sixty people were divided into three groups: a control group of 30 people, 15 type 2 diabetics without LEAD, and 15 type 2 diabetics who had LEAD. ELISA kits were used to measure levels of osteopontin in the blood. LEAD was assessed using ankle brachial index (ABI) measurements made with a hand Doppler. Results: Diabetics had higher serum OPN levels than non-diabetics (111.53±35.6 ng/ml, 35.91±10.50 ng/ml) respectively. OPN values in diabetics with LEAD group were substantially higher (147.35±25.59 ng/ml) compared to diabetics without LEAD group (75.70±16.96 ng/ml) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and have LEAD was found to have higher levels of serum osteopontin than in diabetics without LEAD, this concludes that OPN can be a marker for vascular disease of the lower extremities in diabetic patients