Interacting Cosmic Fluids in Brans-Dicke Cosmology

We provide a detailed description for power-law scaling FRW cosmological models in Brans-Dicke theory dominated by two interacting fluid components during the expansion of the universe.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Marshall syndrome in children referred to specialist clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ilam, Iran, 2012

Periodic fever syndrome is a self-inflammatory disease. Since the disease is benign and self-limiting, the present study aimed to achieve a model to detect and differentiate it from other infectious diseases .In this study all children residing in Ilam who were suspected of Marshall Syndrome were examined. We chose a sample comprising children referred to Imam Hospital clinic of Ilam in 2012. Inclusion criteria consisted of more than three periods of fever without a source of infection, fever periods shorter than 5 days and repeated at intervals of about one month. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software 16. We used both of descriptive and inferential statistics, Kolmogrov smirnov, Chi-square. Significance level of P ≤ 0.05 was considered. The average of patients' age was 4.9 ± 1.8 months and their gender perception was 85.7 male and 14.3 female. In this study the average age of symptoms emergence was 48.33 ± 23.25 month. The average of fever periods in surveyed patients was 4.09 ± 0.88 days (minimum 3 days & maximum 5 days) and the intervals between fever periods was 40.23 ± 16.84 in average. The applied treatments in this study were Prednisolone and Ttonsillectomy. There was significant relationship between age and the symptoms (P<0.007). By having a true perception of Marshall Syndrome using diagnosis criteria, we could prevent uncontrolled prescription of antibiotics and their possible side effects, and it is a positive step towards reducing healthcare costs

INVESTIGATING THE MORTALITY CAUSES OF 1-59 MONTHS BABIES OF VILLAGE FROM 2012 TO 2015, ZAHEDAN, IRAN

Since the mortality of 1-59 babies is the most serious challenges facing human society and an important indicator of the health and development of countries, providing solutions to reduce this rate as much as possible is of paramount importance. The main objective of the present study is to examine mortality causes of 1-59 months babies in villages under the protection of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences from 2012 to 2015. The present cross-sectional study was conducted through census. The study included the death of all babies registered in Zahedan villages from 2012 to 2015. Required data was collected using raw information form and Child Health Bureau of the Ministry of Health standard questionnaire; SPSS, version 18, was used to process and analyze collected data. The present study examined the death of an overall number of 1252 Zahedan village babies aged between 1 to 59 months; 752 infants aged less than month and this age group turned out to have highest mortality rate; i.e. 60; the lowest mortality rate, 16.7, happened in the age group of 1 to 4 years. The most common causes of death included perinatal disease (29.8), unintentional injuries (17.5), respiratory system diseases (13.2), infectious and parasitic diseases (6.5), congenital and chromosome diseases (6), and cardiovascular disease (2.5). Since the highest mortality rate, 29.8, is related to perinatal diseases of infants, couples pre-pregnancy care and counselling can play crucial role in decreasing the rate of baby, and specially infants, mortality

The development and validation of teaching- learning process instrument in smart schools in educational system of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Background and Objectives:The purpose of the present descriptive-survey study is development and validation of teaching - learning process instrument in smart schools in educational system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods: The research tool i.e. the researcher-made questionnaire was designed and implemented based on research background. First, the theoretical foundations and research background in this field were studied And three dimensions of indicators, components and tools were extracted and designed in the form of scale items. In the next step, to evaluate the validity of this scale, item analysis method was used and all items had the required validity more than 0.4. In addition, the reliability of the scale was determined and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. then The designed questionnaire was provide after validation to statistical sample of 216 teachers of smart schools in Gorgan randomly selected based on the sample size formula in the academic year of 1395-1396. who were. Finally, The results were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Friedman test and one-sample t-test statistical techniques were used to analyze statistical data. Findings The results of this study show that the teaching and learning indicators in smart schools have the greatest impact on creating a dynamic and attractive environment for students' creativity and the least amount is related to the promotion of the assessment of high levels of thinking, knowledge and skills. In terms of teaching and learning components of intelligent schools, the highest level of influences is on teachers' familiarity with IT skills and the least amount on the promotion of critical thinking and students’ self-directedness. Also, regarding teaching and learning tools, smart schools have had the greatest impact on hybrid technology (film, image, etc.), and the least amount of influence on the production of blogs and educational sites. Conclusion: Smart schools are one of the most important achievements in the development of information technology in order to fundamentally change the educational system. Technology can be used as a powerful tool to improve the quality and efficiency of education, but it should be noted that the combination of information and communication technology with education and learning system is a multifaceted and complex process. According to the findings of the present study, in examining the infrastructure of smart schools, quantitative and qualitative aspects of indicators, components and effective tools of smartening up process should be considered. Undoubtedly, development of smart schools in the country will not be successful regardless of the attitude of the authorities, parents, students and most importantly teachers to this technology. In other words, to succeed in this, determining the factors affecting a positive attitude to technology-based learning is of particular importance because a positive attitude increases motivation and better acceptance of technology as well as active participation in the related activities. Moreover, With a scientific and technological view of the current situation of the country's educational system and producing various electronic content and empowering teachers in the field of information technology it is possible with a long term planning to provide a dynamic ground and bring about structural developments in all dimensions for the educational environment and the teaching-learning process in smart schools. In knowledge-based societies, the development of smart schools is welcomed as a way to train creative and entrepreneurial force and is considered as a way of sustainable development. According to this principle, the entry of our country into this field can provide the ground for increasing and sustainable development.   ===================================================================================== COPYRIGHTS  ©2020 The author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, as long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.  ====================================================================================

Generalized Brans-Dicke cosmology in the presence of matter and dark energy

We study the Generalized Brans-Dicke cosmology in the presence of matter and dark energy. Of particular interest for a constant Brans-Dicke parameter, the de Sitter space has also been investigated.Comment: 9 page

Smoking stages, prevalence of drug abuse and role of associated psychological and social factors: A study on male high school students in Ilam city

Background & Aims: There are limited information about prevalence of smoking, drug abuse and its associated factors amongst Iranian students. The present study aimed to determine prevalence of smoking and drug abuse amongst male high school students in Ilam and the role of associated psychological and social factors. Method: Overall, 1000 male high school students were recruited using a multi-stage sampling method. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data gathering. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were used for univariate, multivariate and interactions analyses. Results: Mean age of students was 16.2 years. The prevalence of experimenter and regular smokers were 11.4 (95 CI: 9.3 -13.4) and 1.3 (95 CI: 0.5-2.0) respectively. Prevalence rates of alcohol, opium, Tramadol, Hashish, Ecstasy and methamphetamine abuses were 11.1 (9.1-13.0), 2.8 (1.7-3.8), 7.6 (5.9-9.2), 3.3 (2.1-4.4), 2.7 (1.6-3.7), and 2.1 (1.1-3.0) respectively. The logistic regression model showed a significant relationship between having a smoker friend (AOR: 1.99), self-injury (AOR: 2.35), peer pressure (AOR: 2.37) and Tramadol abuse (AOR: 3.00) and different stages of smoking. None of the considered interactions had significant effect. Conclusions: Although, prevalence of smoking in Ilam high school students was less than the corresponding reports from other provinces in Iran, drugs abuse followed the same pattern as the other provinces. In addition, psychosocial variables had an important role in adolescents smoking

Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth, feed utilization and body composition of yellow fin seabream Acanthopagrus latus juvenile

A feeding trial was carried out where, three protein concentrations [45%, 55% and 65%, crude protein (CP)] was fed to yellow fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus) fingerlings at three dietary energy concentrations [20, 22and 24 Kj g-1 crude energy (CE)] ,to determine the protein and energy requirement for this species. Triplicate groups of 20 fish (average weight 12±.2g) was each stocked in 300-L fiberglass tanks and fed twice a day to apparent satiation. After 8 weeks, the survival was independent of the dietary treatments, but the average fish weight gain (AWG), specific growth rate (SGR), food conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency ratio (FER) were significantly affected by dietary protein (P 0.05). PER, PR, GER, VSI and IFR increased with the increase of energy from 20 to 24 Kj g-1 at the same protein level. Carcass moisture, fat and ash contents were affected by dietary protein and energy levels (P<0.05). Carcass energy content increased with increasing dietary energy, but carcass moisture was decreased with increasing dietary energy from 20 to 24 Kj g-1.. It was concluded that the optimum dietary protein and energy level for growth of juvenile yellow fin sea bream maybe 562-574.7 g kg-1diet and 21.9- 24.56 Kj g-1 respectively

Sinteza, in vitro antitumorsko ispitivanje i radiosenzitirajuće vrednovanje novih derivata 4-[3-(supstituiranih)tioureido]-N-(kinoksalin-2-il)benzensulfonamida

Sulfonamides and quinoxaline derivatives possess many types of biological activities and have been recently reported to show substantial antitumor activity. This paper reports the synthesis of novel thioureidosulfaquinoxaline derivatives. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity against a human liver cell line (HEPG2) and showed higher activity than the reference drug doxorubicin. 4-(3-(4-Ethylbenzoate)thioureido)-N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (9) (IC50 = 15.6 µmol L1), N-(pyridin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-quinoxalin-2-yl-sulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzene-sulfonamide (10) (IC50 = 26.8 µmol L1) and N-(quinoxalin-2-yl)-4-(3-(4-(N-thiazol-2-ylsulfamoyl)phenyl)thioureido)benzenesulfonamide (11) (IC50 = 24.4 µmol L1) were the most potent compared to doxorubicin (IC50 = 71.8 µmol L1). The most potent compounds 9, 10 and 11 were evaluated as radiosensitizing agents by subjecting the compounds to γ-irradiation (8 kGy).Derivati sulfonamida i kinoksalina imaju raznoliko biološko djelovanje, između ostalog i antitumorsko djelovanje. U radu je opisana sinteza novih derivata tioureido sulfakinoksalina. Svim novim spojevima ispitano je antitumorsko djelovanje in vitro na humanoj staničnoj liniji jetre (HEPG 2). Svi ispitani spojevi pokazuju jači učinak nego referentni lijek doksorubicin. Najjači učinak imali su 4-(3-(4-etilbenzoat)tioureido)-N-(kinoksalin-2-il)benzen-sulfonamid (9) (IC50 = 15,6 µmol L1), N-(piridin-2-il)-4-(3-(4-(N-kinoksalin-2-il-sulfamoil)fenil)tioureido)-benzen-sulfonamid (10) (IC50 = 26,8 µmol L1) i N-(kinoksalin-2-il)-4-(3-(4-(N-tiazol-2-ilsulfamoil)fenil)tioureido)benzen-sulfonamid (11) (IC50 = 24,4 µmol L1), dok je IC50 vrijednost bila 71,8 µmol L1. Najaktivniji spojevi 9, 10 i 11 evaluirani su kao radziosenzitirajuća sredstva nakon izlaganja spojeva γ-zračenju (8 kGy)

Non-opaque soft tissue foreign body: sonographic findings

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Soft tissue foreign bodies are a common cause of orthopedic consultation in emergency departments. It is difficult to confirm their existence because conventional radiology only detects radio-opaque foreign bodies. Sonography can be a useful diagnostic method. The aim of this study is to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of sonography in detection and localization of non-opaque foreign bodies.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We evaluated 47 patients with suspected foreign body retention in soft tissues by 10 MHz linear array transducer. A single radiologist performed all examinations with 6 years' experience in musculoskeletal Sonography. We detected and localized the presence of the foreign body in the soft tissue as guidance for facilitating the surgery.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We detected soft tissue foreign body in 45 cases as hyperechoic foci. Posterior acoustic shadowing was seen in 36 cases and halo sign was seen in 5 cases due to abscess or granulation tissue formation. Surgery was performed in 39 patients and 44 foreign bodies were removed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Sonography is a useful modality in detection and localization of radiolucent foreign bodies in soft tissue which can avoid misdiagnosis during primary emergency evaluation.</p