Analysis of Light Bulb Temperature Control for Egg Incubator Design

This paper explained the analysis and findings of using light bulb as a thermal source for an incubator system. The inner dimension of the incubator is 26 cm (W) x 38 cm (L) x 26 cm (H). In the experiment, a temperature sensor that measures the inside temperature of the incubator used as a feedback signal. To run the experiments, number of light bulbs and its type were determined. There are three types of bulb used i.e. Incandescent Light (IL Bulb), Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL Bulb) and Light Emitting Diode (LED Bulb).  Three fixtures are proposed for each bulb type, i.e. one-bulb fixture, two-bulb fixture and three-bulb fixture. Apart from that, three control modes were tested, i.e. Mode 1, Mode 2 and Mode 3. Mode 1 is ON-OFF bulb control. Mode 2 is ON-OFF bulb control, as well as ON-OFF ventilation fan control. Finally, Mode 3 is only ON bulb control and ON-OFF ventilation fans The experimental results showed that, for the chosen incubator size, three-bulb fixture IL-type light bulb controlled with Mode 3 control gave shorter time to reach the set point then return to set point after overshoot

Implementation of MRAC, SVMPC and PID control based on direct digital control application for dc servomotor

The project focused on speed control of DC servomotor under load variation using Direct Digital Control technique. The main objective is to design and develop GUI software for speed control experiment, where Single Variable Model Predictive Control (SVMPC), Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) and PID controllers’ design approaches has been applied. The main purpose of using the SVMPC is to achieve perfect control using an Internal Model Control (IMC) strategy. The desired behavior of the adaptive controller is expressed by utilizing reference model, and the algorithms have been realized using the Lyapunov method and MIT rules. The Direct Digital Control approach is selected to replace the conventional method regarding on controlling the speed of DC motor because of its advantages in terms of cost reduction, simplicity, flexibility and give better performance than previous one. The original speed control experiment is conducted and data is recorded. Based on the information that been gathered, the controllers have been designed and the system is simulated using MATLAB to analyze their initial performance. The computer is connected to MS150 Modular Servo System via AX5412 data acquisition card and Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 is used to conduct the experiment. Field-testing is implemented to compare the results between the original and modified system within three types of controller. Finally, the performance of the system is analyzed and validation is done in terms of time response, robustness and percentage of erro

Design Optimization And Development Of Portable Vacuum Clamping (VacCLAMP) Based On Machining Performances

Manufacturing and workshop practices have become important in the industrial environment to produce products for the service of mankind. Clamping in milling usually use tools and holding devices such as vise to clamp workpiece. The purpose of this project is to develop and optimize for portable vacuum clamping. The method is to develop and optimize of apply the vacuum clamping method on milling machine. Then, the design of the vacuum clamping is being optimized. After product is finished, a testing is done on the vacuum clamping to evaluate and experiment the result of product. The result shows that vacuum clamping has better surface roughness result which total of 1.696μm. As a conclusion, all the various result of analysis is taken and vacuum clamping can be able to be apply and used for teaching purpose

Analysis of Light Bulb Temperature Control for Egg Incubator Design

This paper explained the analysis and findings of using light bulb as a thermal source for an incubator system. The inner dimension of the incubator is 26 cm (W) x 38 cm (L) x 26 cm (H). In the experiment, a temperature sensor that measures the inside temperature of the incubator used as a feedback signal. To run the experiments, number of light bulbs and its type were determined. There are three types of bulb used i.e. Incandescent Light (IL Bulb), Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL Bulb) and Light Emitting Diode (LED Bulb). Three fixtures are proposed for each bulb type, i.e. one-bulb fixture, two-bulb fixture and three-bulb fixture. Apart from that, three control modes were tested, i.e. Mode 1, Mode 2 and Mode 3. Mode 1 is ON-OFF bulb control. Mode 2 is ON-OFF bulb control, as well as ON-OFF ventilation fan control. Finally, Mode 3 is only ON bulb control and ON-OFF ventilation fans The experimental results showed that, for the chosen incubator size, threebulb fixture IL-type light bulb controlled with Mode 3 control gave shorter time to reach the set point then return to set point after overshoot

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18-49, 50-69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population