Fusion CLAHE-based image enhancement with fuzzy set theory on field images

In this paper, a new fusion of Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation or CLAHE-based method is proposed to enhance field images. The field images, which are low resolution images, were taken using a camera or other devices such as smartphones with lower quality as compared to the lab images with proper setup. The field images had low contrast and were blurred and unsharp due to inconsistent setting or environment exposures. Image enhancement helps to enrich the perception of images for better quality, reduce impulsive noise, and sharpen the edges with the help of different image enhancement techniques. The main attraction towards the enhancement of this research area is due to the additional knowledge and hidden information provided by the results of this procedure, which will further be used for many different useful purposes. This research proposes a fusion of CLAHE-based with Fuzzy set theory. An optimisation technique was applied to increase the enhancement ratio. The result of the proposed fusion method was compared with the standard method as a benchmark. The obtained value is compared by using image quality measurement techniques. The proposed fusion method produces better quality and enhanced images and required minimum processing time than the other methods

Lab image and field image contrast quality differentiation

Image processing performance can be improved with the process of resizing the original input image to one standard size. Most of the previous studies used a standard size of 256 x 256 to provide the image as the image pre-processing material. The result of different image size dimension are shows in this research to proven that image resizing is important. Reducing image dimension size can help to improve system performance. At the same time, it is importance to keep the image quality. This study shows that by reducing image dimension, it can improve the computer or system performance more than 95%. Image quality can be measured to get helpful information for the study after resizing the image into the same standard size. In this study, measurement of contrast levels was taken to compare the quality differences between image labs and field images. It turns out that the quality of lab image produces high-quality images with good brightness over image field image.The best quality image is the images that have low contrast. Therefore in this research paper we used CLAHE method to enhance the contrast and brightness for field image

Text Touhidur

Population abundance and spatial distribution of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) and coccinellids on chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) [Kelimpahan populasi dan sebaran spatial Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) dan kumbang kura-kura pada cili (Capsicum annuum L.)] M.R. Touhidur*, A.B. Idris* and M.N. Mohamad Roff** Key words: abundance, spatial distribution, Aphis gossypii, coccinellid, chilli Abstract The population abundance and spatial distribution of the aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its predator coccinellids (adult) on chilli var. MC 11 (Capsicum annuum L.) were studied at MARDI Station Jalan Kebun, Klang, Selangor from February to July 2003. The mean number of aphids and adult coccinellids per plant at each sampling date were significantly different between the plant strata (lower, middle and upper) and sampling dates (p <0.0001). The number of aphids per stratum was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the lower stratum than in the middle and upper strata. However, the number of adult coccinellids was significantly higher (p <0.05) in the middle and upper strata than in the lower stratum. Populations of aphid and adult coccinellids were highest at 56 DAT, which differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the rest of the sampling dates. The number of aphids per plant at each sampling date was found positive and significant correlation (r = 0.98, p = 0.0001) with the number of adult coccinellids per plant per sampling date. The spatial distribution of aphids was aggregated (ID ranged from 48.57 to 1962.30>1) at all sampling dates throughout the entire cropping period. Similarly, the spatial distribution of adult coccinellids was aggregated (ID ranged from 2.69 to 11.82>1). The possible reasons of the abundance and distribution of aphids and adult coccinellids within chilli plants are discussed

Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Paras Kromium dalam Kalangan Petani di Daerah Bachok dan Pasir Puteh, Kelantan

Kromium merupakan mineral yang penting dan kofaktor insulin yang memainkan peranan penting sebagai hormon yang membantu dalam regulasi gula dalam darah. Penduduk Kelantan sering dikaitkan dengan pengambilan makanan berasaskan gula. Petani merupakan golongan yang berisiko tinggi kerana pendedahan terhadap pestisid dan pengambilan makanan bergula boleh mempengaruhi paras kromium. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui status paras kromium dalam kalangan petani yang terdedah kepada pestisid dan baja kimia di Kelantan. Kajian ini adalah kajian keratan rentas yang dilakukan di Bachok dan Pasir Puteh, Kelantan. Responden adalah seramai 113 petani yang terdedah kepada pestisid atau baja kimia tidak kurang daripada satu tahun. Subjek ditemu bual menggunakan soal selidik pengetahuan, sikap dan amalan (KAP) yang telah divalidasi untuk informasi berkaitan data demografi k. Sampel kuku dan rambut telah dianalisia dengan menggunakan kaedah pencernaan asid dan Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy (ICPMS) untuk mendapatkan paras kromium. Hasil kajian menunjukkan 81.4% adalah petani lelaki dan 18.6% adalah perempuan. Paras kromium kuku (125.82 ± 47.81 μg/L) dan rambut (39.63 ± 5.70 μg/L) petani adalah lebih rendah berbanding julat piawai kuku (6200 μg/L) dan rambut (100-2500 μg/L). Tiada perbezaan paras kromium yang signifi kan (p > 0.05) menurut jantina, umur, glukosa darah, tempoh pendedahan pestisid dan pemakanan. Petani yang merokok menunjukkan paras kromium yang lebih rendah (p < 0.05) berbanding petani yang tidak merokok. Kesimpulannya, paras unsur kromium petani di Bachok dan Pasir Puteh adalah rendah berbanding julat normal dan petani harus berhenti merokok kerana merokok akan merendahkan paras kromium

Adoption of the Mobile Health Screening Programme for Farming Communities: A Study Among Pesticide-Exposed Farmers from North East of Peninsular Malaysia

Health awareness promotion among farming communities are important for a sustainable agriculture activities. A crosssectional study was conducted to assess health status among farming communities in Cameron Highlands, Pahang (n = 61) and Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan (n = 143). Mobile Health Screening Programme composed of assessment of blood glucose, blood cholesterol, haemoglobin, blood pressure, pterygium, lung function and nerve conductive velocity was utilized. Our results indicate that the percentage of Cameron Highland’s farmers with hyperglycaemia, systolic hypertension, diastolic hypertension and anaemia were 8.2%, 14.8%, 11.5% and 8.2%, respectively. However, higher percentage of farmers in Bachok and Pasir Puteh, Kelantan with hyperglycaemia (32.8%), hypercholesterolaemia (83%), anaemia (24.2%) and systolic hypertension (41.9%) were observed. Pterygium was positive for 88.6% of farmers in Cameron Highlands and 94.4% in Bachok and Pasir Puteh. Lung function test shows that 61.7% and 11.4% of farmers in Cameron Highlands had restrictive and obstructive lung, respectively. In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, a total of 19.8%, 55.5% and 23.9% of farmers were found to have obstructive, restrictive and combined obstructive and restrictive lung, respectively. Current Perception Threshold (CPT) value which indicate nerve conductive velocity were signifi cantly increased (p < 0.05) among Cameron Highland’s farmers for both median and peroneal nerve at all frequencies (5 Hz, 250 Hz and 2000 Hz). In Bachok and Pasir Puteh, the values of the CPT for median nerve was signifi cantly increased (p < 0.05) for all frequencies (5, 250 and 2000 Hz). Meanwhile, a signifi cant increased (p < 0.05) was observed for the CPT values for peroneal nerve at the frequencies of 250 and 2000 Hz as compared to control groups. In conclusion, analysis revealed different health problem among the studied farming communities which could be infl uenced by the differences in farming practices. Thus, employed Mobile Health Screening Programme offers a monitoring approach that could highlight the need for suitable health services and awareness programmes for different farming communities