5 research outputs found
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields
Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic
micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment,
reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and
capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles
have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics.
This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles
(FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated
by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of
the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward,
the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different
FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the
coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying
the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the
manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position
more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume,
coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence,
FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it
is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated
pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion.
In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width,
launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields
Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic
micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment,
reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and
capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles
have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics.
This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles
(FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated
by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of
the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward,
the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different
FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the
coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying
the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the
manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position
more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume,
coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence,
FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it
is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated
pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion.
In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width,
launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields
Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic
micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment,
reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and
capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles
have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics.
This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles
(FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated
by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of
the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward,
the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different
FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the
coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying
the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the
manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position
more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume,
coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence,
FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it
is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated
pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion.
In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width,
launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields
Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic
micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment,
reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and
capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles
have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics.
This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles
(FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated
by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of
the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward,
the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different
FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the
coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying
the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the
manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position
more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume,
coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence,
FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it
is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated
pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion.
In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width,
launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation on the Dynamic Response of Ferrofluid Liquid Marbles to Steady and Pulsating Magnetic Fields
Liquid marbles are droplets enwrapped by a layer of hydrophobic
micro/nanoparticles. Due to the isolation of fluid from its environment,
reduction in evaporation rate, low friction with the surfaces, and
capability of manipulation even on hydrophilic surfaces, liquid marbles
have attracted the attention of researchers in digital microfluidics.
This study investigates the manipulation of ferrofluid liquid marbles
(FLMs) under DC and pulse width-modulated (PWM) magnetic fields generated
by an electromagnet for the first time. At first, the threshold of
the magnetic field for manipulating these FLMs is studied. Afterward,
the dynamic response of the FLMs to the DC magnetic field for different
FLM volumes, coil currents, and initial distances of FLM from the
coil is studied, and a theoretical model is proposed. By applying
the PWM magnetic field, it is possible to gain more control over the
manipulation of the FLMs on the surface and adjust their position
more accurately. Results indicate that with a decrease in FLM volume,
coil current, and duty cycle, the FLM step length decreases; hence,
FLM manipulation is more precise. Under the PWM magnetic field, it
is observed that FLM movement is not synchronous with the generated
pulse, and even after the coil is turned off, FLMs keep their motion.
In the end, with proper adjustment of the electromagnet pulse width,
launching of FLMs at a distance farther than the coil is observed