An Investigation of the Dynamic Effects of Flap Deflection on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Airplane Wing Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

Flaps are used to increase an airplane\u27s lift and to adjust its stability and maneuverability. This study shows an application of STAR-CD, a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, to an investigation of the dynamic effects of flap deflection on the lift, drag and moment coefficients, as well as on the location of the center of pressure. For this study, a plain flap was modeled with a moving mesh and was attached to a NACA 0012 airfoil and a wing of a general aviation aircraft for a 2D and 3D investigation, respectively. In addition, the flap deflection rates were varied to investigate their effect on the flow field and the airfoil\u27s stability characteristics. The results from the analyses were ultimately used to prove that commercial CFD software is a viable option to investigate the stability and control characteristics of an aircraft

Identifying Crisis-Critical Intellectual Property Challenges during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A scenario analysis and conceptual extrapolation of innovation ecosystem dynamics using a visual mapping approach

The Covid-19 pandemic exposed firms, organisations and their respective supply chains which are directly involved in the manufacturing of products that are critical to alleviating the effects of the health crisis, collectively referred to as the Crisis-Critical Sector,to unprecedented challenges. Firms from other sectors, such as automotive, luxury and home appliances, have rushed into the Crisis-Critical Sector in order to support the effort to upscale incumbent manufacturing capacities, thereby introducing Intellectual Property (IP)related dynamics and challenges. We apply an innovation ecosystem perspective on the Crisis-Critical Sector and adopt a novel visual mapping approach to identify IP associated challenges and IP specific dynamic developments during and potentially beyond the crisis.In this paper, we add methodologically by devising and testing a visual approach to capturing IP related dynamics in evolving innovation ecosystems and contribute to literature on IP management in the open innovation context by proposing paraground IP as a novel IP type.Finally, we also deduce managerial implications for IP management practitioners at both incumbent firms and new entrants for navigating innovation ecosystems subject to crisis-induced dynamic shifts

SVEL – Introducing the Standardised Visualising Ecosystem Language for Temporally Capturing Competitive Dynamics in Evolving Innovation Ecosystems

We propose a visual method, namely the Standardised Visual Ecosystem Language (SVEL), for capturing and analysing the static structure, structural changes, and dynamic forces and effects in evolving innovation ecosystems. SVEL closes a gap in the methods toolbox of researchers, practitioners, and policy makers that we identified from conducting a systematic review and evaluation of 32 relevant visual methods, namely the capture and analysis of processes affecting industrial organisation and interfirm alignment in evolving ecosystems. We demonstrate SVEL’s effectiveness and practicability by validating it in a case study from the commercial aircraft aftermarket sector. In this sector, manufacturers transform to offering services in a bundle with their products in a process called servitization, thereby triggering competitive tensions with established specialist services firms, which we label Incumbent Service Providers (ISP). Empirical data was collected from ten semi-structured, in-depth interviews with senior managers and decision-makers at one large, established, and leading OEM-independent ISP. The results of our study are two-fold. First, we introduce SVEL that consists of three clusters of standardised symbols: (i) structural elements, (ii) dynamic forces and effects, and (iii) structural changes. Second, using the SVEL we produce a set of four aggregated innovation ecosystem maps that visually capture the static structure of the commercial aircraft aftermarket ecosystem prior to servitization, and the dynamic co-evolutionary processes triggered by manufacturers entering as new competitors to ISPs during servitization. Thus, we contribute to the methodology literature by narrowing the gap in the methods toolbox for researchers and practitioners in the field of innovation ecosystems by proposing and demonstrating SVEL as a visual method for capturing and analysing changes to industrial organisation and dynamic co-evolutionary processes

Visualising dynamics in innovation ecosystems: A new method and demonstration in the commercial aircraft MRO ecosystem

A review and evaluation of 34 visual methods for ecosystem research revealed that there was no method to visually capture the dynamics of innovation ecosystems. To fill this gap, we develop and demonstrate a new visual method, the ecosystem dynamics mapping (EDM) language, for capturing and analysing (i) structural elements, (ii) structural changes and (iii) dynamic forces in evolving innovation ecosystems over time. To develop the EDM language we applied the design science research methodology (DSRM), conducting a demonstration case in the commercial aircraft maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) sector. The sector's innovation ecosystem is currently experiencing profound dynamics, with a focus in this paper specifically on dynamics that result from servitizing manufacturers. For the demonstration case, we conducted 18 in- depth semi-structured interviews with 10 decision-makers at a large incumbent service provider, producing a total of 13 ecosystem dynamics maps. This study attempts to make three contributions. First, it identifies, summarises and evaluates the existing ecosystem visualisation methods. Second, we introduce the new EDM language for visualising the dynamics of innovation ecosystems. Third, we present an EDM demonstration case validating its applicability. The EDM language can be used by researchers, practitioners and policy-makers to better understand how innovation ecosystems are changing, thereby supporting strategic decision-making or policy interventions