Cambios en la biodiversidad de los huertos familiares en una comunidad del suroeste de Tlaxcala

El presente artículo discute los cambios sociales, culturales y económicos que propiciaron que la población de San Francisco Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala, México transformara su agricultura, en particular el sistema agrícola de huertos. El andamiaje teórico-metodológico que se utiliza es el de la ecología cultural, perteneciente a la antropología ecológica. Se contrastan las principales fuentes que describen a la comunidad y sus huertos durante las décadas de 1970 y 1980, con una descripción del estado actual de los huertos. El análisis del sistema agrícola huerto permite entender las transformaciones producidas en la alimentación de la población. En este trabajo se concluye que para analizar el sistema alimenticio de una población rural es necesario partir del estudio de sus sistemas agrícolas y del contexto social, político y económico. En el caso que se presenta, se observan nuevas prácticas asociadas a los huertos en los cuales las plantas de ornato tienen mayor presencia que las alimenticias y medicinales

Una aproximación a las sociedades rurales de México desde el concepto de aprendizaje vicario

En este artículo se propone una reflexión sobre el concepto de aprendizaje vicario formulado por el psicólogo Albert Bandura y su aplicación en contextos no escolarizados. Se documentan los experimentos controlados que dieron origen al concepto, así como sus fundamentos teóricos y su aporte a los proyectos de cambio social. Se utilizan ejemplos de México y otras partes del mundo, y se describen las formas en las que el aprendizaje vicario se manifiesta en algunas sociedades rurales mexicanas. Se concluye que el aprendizaje vicario tiene potencial para generar estrategias que beneficien la educación no formal principalmente de jóvenes y adolescentes

You are not alone : Family-based HIV risk and protective factors for Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men in San Juan, PR

Hispanic/Latino men who have sex with men (MSM) have the second largest HIV infection rate in the United States and Puerto Rico (PR) has ranked number five with the greatest number of Hispanics living with HIV. This study aims to understand how family affects HIV risk and protective factors for young adults. PR MSM ages 21 through 30 in San Juan, PR completed semi-structured interviews exploring the influence interpersonal family relationships have on HIV risk and protective factors. PR MSM (N = 15) completed a semi-structured in-depth individual interview. NVivo was used for administering a thematic analysis based on the transcripts in the original language of the interview, 14 in Spanish and one in English. The following five general themes emerged from the data analysis: 1) Immediate versus Extended Family; 2) The Matriarch; 3) Fractured Paternal Relationships; 4) Siblings Influence; and 5) Fictive Kin-Creating My Own Family. Findings suggest that the immediate family play an integral role in enhancing HIV protective factors for PR MSM as young adults. This study highlights the importance for developing family-based interventions that reinforce cultural beliefs and values through a strengths-based approach towards enhancing HIV protective behaviors for PR MSM

The Green Future and the Golden Past: Issues and Approaches Regarding the Sustainability of Historical Structures and Sites

This Article illustrates the harmonies and conflict between historic preservation and environmental law in the context of urgently meeting climate change challenges. The Article presents an overarching analysis of the relationship between historic preservation and environmentalism, discerning unifying aspects and modern conflicts through statutory laws and case studies. It begins with detailing the parallel goals between the two causes, drawing on key similarities between the National Historic Preservation Act and the National Environmental Policy Act, the main tools for ensuring federal review for each field, and highlighting sustainable refurbishment as a prime example on achieving both ends with the same means. The Article then shifts towards their increasing conflict in the context of climate change action, looking at, for example, the friction between the rapid energy transition and historic preservation federal review. Because deceleration caused by federal review is not feasible in meeting current ambitious emission goals, the Article posits streamlined solutions that can be implemented to ensure each set of goals are met efficiently. This Article concludes with an analysis of these solutions within these unreconciled areas

New state record of Rutelisca Bates, 1888 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea:Rutelinae) from Puebla, Mexico

Se reporta por primera vez la presencia del género Rutelisca Bates, 1888 en el estado de Puebla, México. Se discute el área de distribución geográfica del género, con énfasis en R. flohri, y se incluye información ecológica.Se reporta por primera vez la presencia del género Rutelisca Bates, 1888 en el estado de Puebla, México. Se discute el área de distribución geográfica del género, con énfasis en R. flohri, y se incluye información ecológica

Sequential Deliberation in Collective Decision-Making: The Case of the FOMC

A process of deliberation, in which policymakers exchange information prior to formal voting procedures, precedes almost every collective decision. Yet, beyond scarce evidence coming from field and laboratory experiments, few studies have analyzed the role played by sequential deliberation in policy-relevant decision-making bodies. To fill this gap, I estimate an empirical model of policy-making that incorporates social learning via deliberation. In the model, committee members speak in sequence, allowing them to weight their own information and biases against recommendations made by others. The empirical model is structurally estimated using historical transcripts from the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), which is the body in charge of implementing monetary policy in the United States. I find the process of deliberation significantly changes members’ behavior: a typical FOMC member would modify her policy recommendation in 36% of the meetings after listening to previous speakers, with respect to the scenario where members exclusively follow their private information. Counterfactual simulations show modest gains of modifying the order of speech on the quality of the committee’s policy choices. Incorporating sequential learning explains the pattern of individual recommendations and collective choices extremely well and improves the fit over behavioral models that ignore deliberation