Genetic characterization of 12 heterologous microsatellite markers for the giant tropical tree Cariniana legalis (Lecythidaceae)

Twelve microsatellite loci previously developed in the tropical tree Cariniana estrellensis were genetically characterized in Cariniana legalis. Polymorphisms were assessed in 28 C. legalis individuals found between the Pardo and Mogi-Guaçu River basins in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 12 loci, 10 were polymorphic and exhibited Mendelian inheritance. The allelic richness at each locus ranged from 2-11, with an average of 7 alleles per locus, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.07-0.88. These loci showed a high probability of paternity exclusion. The characteristics of these heterologous microsatellite markers indicate that they are suitable tools for investigating questions concerning population genetics in C. legalis

Genetic characterization of 12 heterologous microsatellite markers for the giant tropical tree Cariniana legalis (Lecythidaceae)

Twelve microsatellite loci previously developed in the tropical tree Cariniana estrellensis were genetically characterized in Cariniana legalis. Polymorphisms were assessed in 28 C. legalis individuals found between the Pardo and Mogi-Guaçu River basins in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of the 12 loci, 10 were polymorphic and exhibited Mendelian inheritance. The allelic richness at each locus ranged from 2-11, with an average of 7 alleles per locus, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.07-0.88. These loci showed a high probability of paternity exclusion. The characteristics of these heterologous microsatellite markers indicate that they are suitable tools for investigating questions concerning population genetics in C. legalis

Aperfeiçoamento da técnica de eletroforese para análise isoenzimática de clones de seringueira (Hevea sp.)1

Este estudo foi conduzido no sentido de otimizar as técnicas de preparo de extratos de folíolos e identificar tampões e condições de corrida que proporcionassem uma boa definição dos perfis eletroforéticos de clones de seringueira. Foram testados 25 diferentes sistemas enzimáticos utilizando-se onze sistemas tamponantes. Não foram encontradas diferenças na qualidade dos zimogramas obtidos nos diferentes estádios fenológicos analisados, em amostras submetidas a diferentes condições de centrifugação e nas diferentes plantas de um mesmo clone. Extratos de folíolos liofilizados apresentaram resolução semelhante para Adh, Pgi, 6Pgdh, Lap-1, Skdh, Acp, Mdh, ßGlu, Pgm e Idh que homogenados de folíolos não liofilizados preparados até 2 dias pós-coleta. Os padrões de Got e Est apresentaram boa nitidez somente em extratos de folíolos frescos. As demais enzimas não apresentaram resolução satisfatória. Com o uso de diferentes substratos, foi possível detectar nove regiões de atividade esterásica nas condições empregadas, embora variação genética tenha sido caracterizada para apenas três locos nos clones analisados. Os fenótipos observados para esterase-7 utilizando-se ésteres derivados de naftol foram semelhantes aos padrões encontrados utilizando L-benzoil-ßnaftilamida como substrato, indicando que esta esterase seja, provavelmente, uma en-dopeptidase. A utilização de substratos fluorogênicos permitiu ainda a detecção de uma variante eletroforética de Acp em Hevea nítida e uma variante de ßGlu em Hevea rigidifolia

DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSATELLITE MARKERS FOR ANADENANTHERA COLUBRINA (LEGUMINOSAE), A NEOTROPICAL TREE SPECIES

Premise of the study: We developed and characterized nuclear microsatellite markers for Anadenanthera colubrina, a tropical tree species widely distributed in South America. Methods and Results: Leaf samples of mature A. colubrina trees, popularly called "angico," were collected from an area that is greatly impacted by agricultural practices in the region of Ribeirao Preto in Sao Paulo State in southeastern Brazil. Twenty simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed, 14 of which had polymorphic loci. A total of 96 alleles were detected with an average of 6.86 alleles per polymorphic locus. The expected heterozygosity, calculated at polymorphic loci, ranged from 0.18 to 0.83. Finally, we demonstrated that 18 loci were cross-amplified in A. peregrina. Conclusions: A total of 14 polymorphic markers suggest a high potential for genetic diversity, gene flow, and mating system analyses in A. colubrina.FAPESP [2009/14200-6]CNPq [PDS 150277/2009-1, PV 300140/2011-8

Microsatellite diversity and effective population size in a germplasm bank of Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa (Leguminosae), an endangered tropical tree: recommendations for conservation

Deforestation in southeast Brazil has led to the extinction of Hymenaea courbaril var. stilbocarpa and ex situ conservation has been established. In this study, the levels of genetic diversity and the effective population size of H. courbaril in a germplasm bank were investigated using six nuclear microsatellite loci. A total of 79 and 91 alleles were found in 65 seed-trees and their 176 offspring, respectively. Offspring have a higher average number of alleles per locus (A = 15.2) than seed-trees (A = 13.2), but lower observed heterozygosity (offspring: H (o) = 0.566; seed-trees: H (o) = 0.607). The estimate of outcrossing rate shows that the study population is perfectly outcrossed (t (m) = 0.978, P > 0.05). Significant deviations from random mating were detected through mating among relatives and correlated matings. The average variance in effective population size for each family was 2.63, with a total effective population size retained in the bank of 170.1. These results confirm that the preserved population of H. courbaril retains substantial genetic variability.FAPESP[03/04199-4]Sao Paulo University (USP)FAEPACAPE