The Metabolic Syndrome is Associated With High-normal Urinary Albumin Excretion and Retinopathy in Normoalbuminuric Type 1 Diabetic Patients

Although metabolic syndrome was not extensively studied in type 1 diabetes, higher insulin resistance, the core feature of the syndrome was found to be associated with increased risk of developing microvascular complications. As diabetic nephropathy may progress to advanced lesion before microalbuminuria appears, we investigated the association of the metabolic syndrome and estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) with urinary albumin excretion (UAE), retinopathy and neuropathy in normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic patients. Two hundred and 98 patients (UAE 0.05). In patients with high-normal UAE, retinopathy and polyneuropathy eGDR was significantly lower compared with patients with low-normal UAE, and without retinopathy and polyneuropathy. In multiple regression analysis UAE and retinopathy were associated with diabetes duration (b= –0.20, b= -0.62), eGDR (b= – 0.106; b= –0.041), metabolic syndrome (b=0.49, b=0.28), (p>0.05). In type 1 diabetic patients insulin resistance and IDF defined metabolic syndrome are associated with high-normal UAE, retinopathy and polyneuropathy. The predictive value of the metabolic syndrome for development of microalbuminuria and retinopathy needs to be assessed in further follow-up studies

Metodologija tvorbe "temeljnih" digitalnih modela reljefa (TDMR) za potrebe fizikalne geodezije

U ovom članku se prezentiraju osnove za uspostavljanje "temeljnih" digitalnih modela reljefa (TDMR) za potrebe fizikalne geodezije na teritoriju SFR Jugoslavije. Utvrđeni su polazni kriteriji i razrađena pogodna struktura tih TDMR. Još je pridodan kratki osvrt na prilagođenost prvenstvenoj namjeni, a naznačeni su i neki praktični aspekti odnosno problemi

Effects of Olive Oil and Its Components on Intestinal Inflammation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

With the rising global burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the rising costs of novel biological drugs, there is an increasing need for dietary approaches and functional foods that could modulate the course of IBD. The Mediterranean diet has proven to be efficacious in managing chronic inflammatory diseases, and recent studies have also shown its benefits in the setting of IBD. Since olive oil and its compounds have been shown to provide a considerable anti-inflammatory effect, in this review, we aim to discuss the latest evidence concerning the impact of olive oil and its bioactive compounds on IBD. Numerous preclinical studies have exhibited solid evidence on the mechanisms by which polyphenol-rich extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) or specific polyphenols like hydroxytyrosol (HT) provide their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antitumour, and microbiota-modulation effects. Accordingly, several human studies that explored the effects of olive oil on patients with IBD further confirmed the evidence brought forward by preclinical studies. Nevertheless, there is a need for larger-scale, multicentric, randomized control trials that would finally elucidate olive oil’s level of efficacy in modulating the course of IBD

Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose in Diabetes: From Evidence to Clinical Reality in Central and Eastern Europe—Recommendations from the International Central-Eastern European Expert Group

Problem background and problematization: Since the law amendment regarding the statutory audit back in 2010, small companies have given the opportunity to opt-out auditing. The benefits of auditing have been studied and debated before, but there is a lack of knowledge regarding the internal benefits for the company. Especially if there is regional difference in perceived benefit provided by the audit.  Research question: Does private limited companies from different regions, which may be affected by a future change in legislation regarding auditing, perceive the benefits of auditing differently? Purpose: The focus is to determine whether there is any significant difference between the companies perceived internal benefit of auditing from different Swedish municipalities. This knowledge would contribute to a better understanding of how, and if, changes should be made to improve the audit profession and the contribution it has on the business environment. A sub purpose is to see if the companies perceive a benefit of auditing at all, and if they believe it to exceed the cost of auditing. Another interest aspect is to examine if a company would still have an audit, even if it is voluntary, when they consider the benefit of auditing to exceed the cost.  Methodology: A quantitative study with a deductive approach is chosen to perform this study. The practical procedure to apply this is through a questionnaire in which companies, which can be affected by a future law amendment regarding the audit requirements, is investigated.  Theory: The study is based on the agency theory. It describes the main reason and the overall benefit of auditing. Previous studies in the same subject are also the basis for this research. The population consists of over 26 000 companies of which 1000 of these are asked to answer the questionnaire. Data from 139 companies was received. Seven internal benefits have been defined through previous studies  Analysis & Conclusion: The result from the questionnaire is unreliable. The data is analyzed with three statistical methods, Chi-Square, ANOVA and a Regression Analyze. Of the seven internal benefits, only one could reveal a regional difference. The analysis of the study concludes that it is still unclear if private limited companies from different regions, which may be affected by a future change in legislation regarding auditing, perceive the benefits of auditing differently