The Impact of Psychosocial Factors of Physical Health Outcomes: A Review of the Biopsychosocial Model in Family Medicine

Discontent with the biological model of illness—which is still the predominant healthcare model—led to the development of the biopsychosocial model, which was described in Engel's seminal Science paper forty years ago. It is the foundation of the International Classification of Functioning (WHO ICF) developed by the World Health Organization Clinical outcomes for functional disorders and chronic diseases treated in family medicine may be improved by the biopsychosocial approach. Since clinical performance metrics and standards are biomedically focused, family medicine doctors have no financial incentive to implement the biopsychosocial paradigm in their practices. Implementing the biopsychosocial approach in family medicine may be hampered by workload and incompetence

HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS IN PAEDIATRIC POPULATION- AN OVERVIEW

The most frequent cause of goitre and acquired hypothyroidism in children and teenagers is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). An imperfection or error in immunoregulation leads to a cascade of events that develops from thyroid lymphocyte infiltration to thyroid follicular cell damage caused by T cells and cytokines and apoptotic cell death. Approximately 70% of illness risk is linked to genetic predisposition, with environmental variables also contributing to disease onset in vulnerable individuals. The main reasons for referral in children and adolescents with HT include goitre, hypothyroid symptoms, and outcomes that occur while treating separate disorders or for high-risk groups. Children and adolescents with HT may not have any symptoms. Thyroid hormone replacement is the preferred medical approach for treating Hashimoto thyroiditis. Levothyroxine sodium, taken orally, is the preferred medication, typically for life. To prevent insufficient absorption, it shouldn't be administered along with calcium or iron supplements, aluminium hydroxide, or proton pump inhibitors