1,737 research outputs found
Spectral Properties of Tensor Products of Channels
We investigate spectral properties of the tensor products of two quantum
channels defined on matrix algebras. This leads to the important question of
when an arbitrary subalgebra can split into the tensor product of two
subalgebras. We show that for two unital quantum channels and
the multiplicative domain of
splits into the tensor product of the
individual multiplicative domains. Consequently, we fully describe the fixed
points and peripheral eigen operators of the tensor product of channels.
Through a structure theorem of maximal unital proper -subalgebras (MUPSA)
of a matrix algebra we provide a non-trivial upper bound of the 'multiplicative
index' of a unital channel which was recently introduced. This bound gives a
criteria on when a channel cannot be factored into a product of two different
channels. We construct examples of channels which can not be realized as a
tensor product of two channels in any way. With these techniques and results,
we found some applications in quantum error correction.Comment: Proofs of Section 3 are simplified using a result of Ola Bratteli.
Some references have been update
The effect of a collective exchange rate adjustment on East Asian exports
This paper estimates long-run effects of a collective exchange rate adjustment on multilateral exports from China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. The findings show that a 1 percent generalized appreciation of all East Asian exchange rates would reduce East Asian exports by about 3 percent.Global imbalance; exchange rate appreciation; collective adjustment; production networks; East Asia
Impact of economic growth and financial development on exports: Cointegration and causality analysis in Pakistan
The analysis shows cointegration between exports, economic growth and financial development in case of Pakistan. The results that economic growth and financial development stimulate rate of exports growth in Pakistan. The causality analysis reveals bidirectional causal relationship between financial development and economic growth, financial development and exports and exports and economic growth in case of Pakistan.Economic growth, financial development, Cointegration, Pakistan
Stateless Puzzles for Real Time Online Fraud Preemption
The profitability of fraud in online systems such as app markets and social
networks marks the failure of existing defense mechanisms. In this paper, we
propose FraudSys, a real-time fraud preemption approach that imposes
Bitcoin-inspired computational puzzles on the devices that post online system
activities, such as reviews and likes. We introduce and leverage several novel
concepts that include (i) stateless, verifiable computational puzzles, that
impose minimal performance overhead, but enable the efficient verification of
their authenticity, (ii) a real-time, graph-based solution to assign fraud
scores to user activities, and (iii) mechanisms to dynamically adjust puzzle
difficulty levels based on fraud scores and the computational capabilities of
devices. FraudSys does not alter the experience of users in online systems, but
delays fraudulent actions and consumes significant computational resources of
the fraudsters. Using real datasets from Google Play and Facebook, we
demonstrate the feasibility of FraudSys by showing that the devices of honest
users are minimally impacted, while fraudster controlled devices receive daily
computational penalties of up to 3,079 hours. In addition, we show that with
FraudSys, fraud does not pay off, as a user equipped with mining hardware
(e.g., AntMiner S7) will earn less than half through fraud than from honest
Bitcoin mining
Downward Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Investigation
This article analyses overall NGO accountability and accountability to beneficiaries
in particular. It is based on the collection of qualitative data from four NGOs in
Bangladesh. The participation of beneficiaries has been disaggregated into three
phases for more analytical discussion: decision-making, implementation, and
evaluation. The study results reveal that the participation of beneficiaries is much
higher in the project/program implementation phase. The condition is alarming
for the decision-making and evaluation phase, where participation is more rhetoric
and sham rituals than the actual exercise. The study also identified some formal
and informal mechanisms of participation
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