First-Quantized Theory of Expanding Universe from Field Quantization in Mini-Superspace

We propose an improved variant of the third-quantization scheme, for the spatially homogeneous and isotropic cosmological models in Einstein gravity coupled with a neutral massless scalar field. Our strategy is to specify a semi-Riemannian structure on the mini-superspace and to consider the quantum Klein-Gordon field on the mini-superspace. Then, the Hilbert space of this quantum system becomes inseparable, which causes the creation of infinite number of universes. To overcome this issue, we introduce a vector bundle structure on the Hilbert space and the connection of the vector bundle. Then, we can define a consistent unitary time evolution of the quantum universe in terms of the connection field on the vector bundle. By doing this, we are able to treat the quantum dynamics of a single-universe state. We also find an appropriate observable set constituting the CCR-algebra, and obtain the Schr\"odinger equation for the wave function of the single-universe state. We show that the present quantum theory correctly reproduces the classical solution to the Einstein equation.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, published versio

Functioning of psychiatric daycare users in Japan and the background factors that affect their abilities

The present study aimed to clarify the state of and background factors affecting functioning in Users of psychiatric daycare centers in Japan. A questionnaire survey based on the Self-Rating Scale for Functioning of Individuals with Mental Disorders was conducted on 1,176 Users and 916 psychiatric hospital outpatients between September 2008 and February 2009. The mean functioning score of Users was 91.4±19.1 points, which was higher than that of Patients. Functioning scores were higher in Users with goals compared to those without goals. Background factors that led to improvement in functioning scores of Users were short duration of daycare use, having a goal other than to control symptoms, high assertiveness, and doing most of the cleaning at hom

Dual role for alkali metal cations in enhancing the low-temperature radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide

The radical polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm) has been investigated in the presence of several alkali metal salts, including lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf2). The addition of an alkali metal salt led to a significant increase in the yield and molecular weight of the resulting polymer. NMR analysis of mixtures of DMAAm and LiNTf2 suggested that DMAAm was being activated by the coordination of Li+ to its C=O group. Electron spin resonance analysis of the DMAAm polymerization in the presence of LiNTf2 suggested that the propagating radical was being stabilized by Li+ through a single-electron lithium bond, because a signal for the propagating radical of the acrylamide derivatives was observed for the first time in solution when LiNTf2 was added. Based on these results, we have proposed a mechanism for this polymerization, where the propagation steps occur between a lithium ion-stabilized propagating radical and a lithium ion-activated incoming monomer. Furthermore, polymers with a wide range of stereoregularities, such as isotactic, syndiotactic and heterotactic systems, were successfully prepared using this method by carefully selecting the appropriate combination of solvent and alkali metal salt

Isotactic-specific anionic polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide with dilithium tetra-tert-butylzincate in the presence of a fluorinated alcohol or Lewis acid

The polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) with dilithium tetra-tert-butylzincate (TBZL) has been investigated in toluene at low temperatures in the presence of alkyl and fluorinated alcohols. Of the alcohols examined, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol induced isotactic specificity and accelerated the polymerization process, affording the corresponding poly(NIPAAm)s in relatively high yields with meso (m) diad contents of 82%. It is worthy of note that the introduction of a fluorinated alcohol, which is typically used as an inhibitor in conventional anionic polymerization processes, enabled control over the stereospecificity and rate of the anionic polymerization of NIPAAm when TBZL was used as an initiator. Yttrium trifluoromethanesulfonate also induced isotactic specificity in the NIPAAm polymerization process in methanol and gave poly(NIPAAm) in high yield with an m diad content of 88%

Do emergencial ao intencional: reflexões e proposta de avaliação para o ensino remoto

No momento em que o ensino remoto se consolida como realidade que tende a ser incorporada à atuação pedagógica, em meio aos prenúncios de adoção do ensino híbrido e com a evidente ampliação do ensino a distância (EaD), torna-se indispensável a reflexão sobre questões relacionadas ao uso das tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TIDCs) na educação e, sobretudo, acerca do que se entende por avaliação, na prática. Em razão disso, a partir de uma pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentada nos estudos de Hoffmann (2000, 2011), Luckesi (1999), Demo (2012), Haydt (2004), Furtoso (2011, 2020) e Moraes (2020), objetivamos estabelecer diálogos entre premissas, princípios e funções da avaliação que podem ser transpostos do contexto de ensino presencial para o remoto e apresentar uma proposta didático-avaliativa que, apoiada no uso das TIDCs, incorpora os conceitos de Metodologias Ativas (BACICH, 2017); método de projetos (BERBEL, 2011) e tarefa/avaliação renovável (WILEY, 2016). Esperamos reafirmar a necessidade de se repensar o processo de avaliação e o uso de TIDCs na educação, de modo a contemplar: a diversificação de instrumentos de avaliação, o desenvolvimento da autonomia e do pensamento crítico dos alunos, além do desenvolvimento do letramento digital e do letramento em avaliação

糖尿病外来患者の食事とライフスタイルの特徴

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between dietary intake or lifestyle and blood sugar control in diabetic outpatients. In this study 186 outpatients (136 males and 50 females) were recruited, who had been treated only with diet for controlling blood sugar. Three months to 12 years after a dietician counseled dietary therapy to diabetic outpatients, the effects were evaluated by both calculating the energy intakes and inquiring the questionnaires. By the criteria of Japan diabetic society for 75 g OGTT, diabetic, borderline and normal types were diagnosed. Outpatients brought themselves dietary records for the preceding 3 days every visiting the clinic.Fasting blood samples were obtained early in the morning for measuring biochemical parameters.Energy intakes of outpatients were calculated using both the exchangeable food table for diabetic patients and 5th revised Japan food table. Then, the questionnaires were inquired to outpatients by dieticians. During the observed periods until 36 months, good controls (100 to 119 mg/dl of FBS) were shown 6 months after in males and 9 months after in females. Poor control was more in males compared to females. In the cases of 1600 kcal per day of energy intakes, males ate more food rich in protein and energy, while females did more food rich in carbohydrate and vitamins with comparatively well-balanced nutrients. These well-balanced diets contributed to good control. Males drank alcohols very often, and females took sweets more, causing probably the disturbed control of blood sugar. The discrepancy of the calculated energy between above two food tables was approximately 70 kcal, showing more with Japan food table. Through counseling to outpatients by both physicians and dieticians, the frequency of physical movement increased from 25% in the initial to 60% in the final period. As an improvement of lifestyle, cigarette smoking decreased from 40 to 28% in frequency in males, and from 10 to 3% in females. From these findings, the counseling to outpatients in the clinic was beneficial to improve blood sugar control and lifestyle

The Rapeseed Project for Restoring Tsunami-Salt-Damaged Farmland after the GEJE

Oral Presentatio

Genetic analysis of TP53 in childhood myelodysplastic syndrome and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

信州大学博士（医学）・学位論文・平成23年3月31日授与（甲第886号)・齋藤章治ArticleLEUKEMIA RESEARCH. 35(12):1578-1584 (2011)journal articl