22 research outputs found

    Percutaneous sclerotherapy using a 4 F pigtail catheter and 40 milliliters of 5% ethanolamine oleate for symptomatic large hepatic cysts

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    PURPOSEWe retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of percutaneous sclerotherapy using a 4 F catheter and 40 mL of 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) for symptomatic large hepatic cysts.METHODSTwenty-four patients, including 10 with polycystic liver disease (PLD), were eligible. The mean long- and short-axis diameters of the cyst on computed tomography (CT) were 145.0 ± 35.5 mm (range, 72-216 mm) and 110.5 ± 21.4 mm (range, 63-150 mm), respectively. After aspiration of the fluid contents using a 4 F pigtail catheter, 40 mL of 5% EO was injected into the cyst for 30 min. Then, the catheter was withdrawn after EO removal. Symptomatic relief and complications were evaluated. The percentage reductions at the early (1-3 months later) and late (at the final follow-up) responses were evaluated using an estimated cyst volume calculated by using the following formula: volume = π/6 × long-axis diameter × (short-axis diameter)2 on the maximum cross-section image on CT. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ) was used to evaluate the correlation between the pretreatment estimated cyst volume and percentage reduction of early and late responses and between the percentage reduction of the late response and length of the follow-up period after sclerotherapy.RESULTSThe symptoms disappeared in 23 patients and improved in 1 patient with PLD. The mean aspirated fluid volume was 1337.8 ± 845.4 mL (range, 140-3200 mL). In 1 patient, EO injection was postponed until the second procedure was performed 40 days later due to intraperitoneal leakage of contrast material. In another patient, the EO volume was reduced to 20 mL because of a small cyst size. The mean early and late percentage reductions of the treated cyst were 52.3% ± 23.8% and 87.5% ± 20.4% (mean follow-up period: 48.0 ± 42.4 months), respectively. The symptom recurred in 2 patients with PLD and 1 underwent additional sclerotherapy 14 months later due to re-enlargement of the treated cyst. Another patient underwent transarterial embolization 5 years and 4 months later for other enlarged cysts, although the treated cyst markedly shrank. There were significant negative correlations between the pretreatment estimated cyst volume and percentage reduction of early (P = .027, ρ = − 0.46) and late (P= .007, ρ = − 0.52) responses. However, there were no significant correlations between the percentage reduction and length of the follow-up period (P = .19, ρ = 0.31). Transient pain developed in 1 patient and low-grade fever in 3.CONCLUSIONSclerotherapy using a 4 F catheter and 40 mL of 5% EO is safe and effective for symptomatic large hepatic cysts

    Initiative on Superselective Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization Results (INSPIRE)

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    Several publications show that superselective conventional TransArterial ChemoEmbolization (cTACE), meaning cTACE performed selectively with a microcatheter positioned as close as possible to the tumor, improves outcomes, maximizing the anti-tumoral effect and minimizing the collateral damages of the surrounding liver parenchyma. Recent recommendations coming from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) highlighted that TACE must be used in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) "selectively targetable" and "accessible to supraselective catheterization." The goal of the manuscript is to better define such population and to standardize superselective cTACE (ss-cTACE) technique. An expert panel with extensive clinical-procedural experience in TACE, have come together in a virtual meeting to generate recommendations and express their consensus. Experts recommend that anytime cTACE is proposed, it should be ss-cTACE, preferably with a 1.5-2.0 Fr microcatheter. Ideally, ss-cTACE should be proposed to patients with less than five lesions and a maximum number of two segments involved, with largest tumor smaller than 5 cm. Angio Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) should be used to detect enhancing tumors, tumor feeders and guide tumor targeting. Whole tumor volume should be covered to obtain the best response. Adding peritumoral margins is encouraged but not mandatory. The treatment should involve a water-in-oil emulsion, whose quality is assessable with the "drop test." Additional particulate embolization should be systematically performed, as per definition of cTACE procedure. Non-contrast CBCT or Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) combined with angiography has been considered the gold standard for imaging during TACE, and should be used to assess tumor coverage during the procedure. Experts convene that superselectivity decreases incidence of adverse effects and improves tolerance. Experts recommend contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) as initial imaging on first follow-up after ss-cTACE, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) if remaining tumor viability cannot be confidently assessed on CT. If no response is obtained after two ss-cTACE sessions within six months, patient must be considered unsuitable for TACE and proposed for alternative therapy. Patients are best served by multidisciplinary decision-making, and Interventional Radiologists should take an active role in patient selection, treatment allocation, and post-procedural care

    Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan : JSH Consensus Statements and Recommendations 2021 Update

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    The Clinical Practice Manual for Hepatocellular Carcinoma was published based on evidence confirmed by the Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma along with consensus opinion among a Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) expert panel on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since the JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines are based on original articles with extremely high levels of evidence, expert opinions on HCC management in clinical practice or consensus on newly developed treatments are not included. However, the practice manual incorporates the literature based on clinical data, expert opinion, and real-world clinical practice currently conducted in Japan to facilitate its use by clinicians. Alongside each revision of the JSH Guidelines, we issued an update to the manual, with the first edition of the manual published in 2007, the second edition in 2010, the third edition in 2015, and the fourth edition in 2020, which includes the 2017 edition of the JSH Guideline. This article is an excerpt from the fourth edition of the HCC Clinical Practice Manual focusing on pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. It is designed as a practical manual different from the latest version of the JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines. This practice manual was written by an expert panel from the JSH, with emphasis on the consensus statements and recommendations for the management of HCC proposed by the JSH expert panel. In this article, we included newly developed clinical practices that are relatively common among Japanese experts in this field, although all of their statements are not associated with a high level of evidence, but these practices are likely to be incorporated into guidelines in the future. To write this article, coauthors from different institutions drafted the content and then critically reviewed each other’s work. The revised content was then critically reviewed by the Board of Directors and the Planning and Public Relations Committee of JSH before publication to confirm the consensus statements and recommendations. The consensus statements and recommendations presented in this report represent measures actually being conducted at the highest-level HCC treatment centers in Japan. We hope this article provides insight into the actual situation of HCC practice in Japan, thereby affecting the global practice pattern in the management of HCC

    Guideline on the use of new anticancer drugs for the treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2010 update

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    The "Guideline on the Use of New Anticancer Drugs for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma" was prepared by the Study Group on New Liver Cancer Therapies established by the "Research Project on Emergency Measures to Overcome Hepatitis" under the auspices of the Health and Labour Sciences Research Grant. The Guideline brings together data collected by the Study Group on the use and incidence of adverse events in 264 patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated using sorafenib and in 535 patients with advanced HCC treated using miriplatin at 16 participating institutions up until 22 December 2010, as well as referring to the published studies, academic presentations, and reports from the private sector. The aim of this Guideline is to facilitate understanding and current thinking regarding the proper usage of new anticancer drugs towards actual use in therapy. In terms of the format, the Guideline presents "clinical questions" on issues pertaining to medical care, makes "recommendations" on diagnosis and treatment in response to each of these clinical questions, and provides a rationale for these recommendations in the form of "scientific statements". © 2012 The Japan Society of Hepatology

    Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Japan: JSH Consensus Statements and Recommendations 2021 Update

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    The Clinical Practice Manual for Hepatocellular Carcinoma was published based on evidence confirmed by the Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hepatocellular Carcinoma along with consensus opinion among a Japan Society of Hepatology (JSH) expert panel on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since the JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines are based on original articles with extremely high levels of evidence, expert opinions on HCC management in clinical practice or consensus on newly developed treatments are not included. However, the practice manual incorporates the literature based on clinical data, expert opinion, and real-world clinical practice currently conducted in Japan to facilitate its use by clinicians. Alongside each revision of the JSH Guidelines, we issued an update to the manual, with the first edition of the manual published in 2007, the second edition in 2010, the third edition in 2015, and the fourth edition in 2020, which includes the 2017 edition of the JSH Guideline. This article is an excerpt from the fourth edition of the HCC Clinical Practice Manual focusing on pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of HCC. It is designed as a practical manual different from the latest version of the JSH Clinical Practice Guidelines. This practice manual was written by an expert panel from the JSH, with emphasis on the consensus statements and recommendations for the management of HCC proposed by the JSH expert panel. In this article, we included newly developed clinical practices that are relatively common among Japanese experts in this field, although all of their statements are not associated with a high level of evidence, but these practices are likely to be incorporated into guidelines in the future. To write this article, coauthors from different institutions drafted the content and then critically reviewed each other’s work. The revised content was then critically reviewed by the Board of Directors and the Planning and Public Relations Committee of JSH before publication to confirm the consensus statements and recommendations. The consensus statements and recommendations presented in this report represent measures actually being conducted at the highest-level HCC treatment centers in Japan. We hope this article provides insight into the actual situation of HCC practice in Japan, thereby affecting the global practice pattern in the management of HCC

    Efficacy of Superselective Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization Using Guidance Software for Hepatocellular Carcinoma within Three Lesions Smaller Than 3 cm

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    The indication of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has advanced to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A when surgical resection (SR), thermal ablation, and bridging to transplantation are contraindicated; however, TACE for small HCC is frequently difficult and ineffective because of less hypervascularity and the presence of tumor portions receiving a dual blood supply. Here, we report outcomes of superselective conventional TACE (cTACE) for 259 patients with HCCs within three lesions smaller than 3 cm using guidance software. Automated tumor feeder detection (AFD) functionality was applied to identify tumor feeders on cone-beam computed tomography during hepatic arteriography (CBCTHA) data. When it failed, the feeder was identified by manual feeder detection functionality and/or selective angiography and CBCTHA. Regarding the technical success in 382 tumors (mean diameter, 17.2 ± 5.9 mm), 310 (81.2%) were completely embolized with a safety margin (5 mm wide for HCC ≤25 mm and 10 mm wide for HCC >25 mm). In 61 (16.0%), the entire tumor was embolized but the safety margin was not uniformly obtained. The entire tumor was not embolized in 11 (2.9%). Regarding the tumor response at 2–3 months after cTACE in 303 tumors excluding those treated with combined radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or SR and lost to follow-up, 287 (94.7%) were classified into complete response, seven (2.3%) into partial response, and nine (3.0%) into stable disease. The mean follow-up period was 44.9 ± 27.6 months (range, 1–109) and the cumulative local tumor progression rates at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were 17.8, 27.8, 32.0, and 36.0%, respectively. The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year overall and recurrence-free survival rates in 175 patients, excluding those with Child–Pugh C class, who died of other malignancies, or who underwent combined RFA or hepatic resection, were 97.1 and 68.7, 82.8 and 34.9, 64.8 and 20.2, and 45.3 and 17.3%, respectively. Our results indicate the efficacy of superselective cTACE using guidance software for HCC within three lesions smaller than 3 cm

    Treatment Strategy of Transarterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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    Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a first-line treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B (BCLC-B). There are two major techniques of TACE: conventional TACE (cTACE) using iodized oil and gelatin sponge particles, and TACE using drug-eluting beads (DEB-TACE). The latest randomized controlled trial proved the superiority of cTACE regarding local effects over DEB-TACE; however, cTACE also damages the liver more severely. Therefore, cTACE should be performed for localized HCCs as selectively as possible. On the other hand, DEB-TACE has less liver toxicity and is favorable for patients with an advanced age, large and/or bilobar tumors, or a poor liver function. However, some BCLC-B HCCs are TACE-resistant and the concept of TACE unsuitability (mainly up-to-7 criteria out) has been proposed by Asia-Pacific Primary Liver Cancer Expert Meeting. Systemic therapy is recommended for patients with TACE-unsuitable HCC; however, the condition of TACE-unsuitable HCC does not always rule out TACE monotherapy and some up-to-7 criteria out tumors may also be good candidates for superselective cTACE when localized in limited liver segments. The sequential therapy of an antiangiogenic and TACE is also a novel option for patients with TACE-unsuitable HCC, antiangiogenic-refractory HCC, or even down-staged HCC

    Intraductal neoplasms of the bile duct. A new challenge to biliary tract tumor pathology

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    Invasive biliary tract carcinomas are usually tubular adenocaricnomas with abundant desmoplastic reactions and frequent ductal and periductal invasion at the time of the diagnosis. Recently, several intraductal neoplasms of the bile duct, particularly at a pre-invasive stage, have been recognized. They include intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB), biliary intraepithelial neoplasm (BilIN), and others, such as intraductal tubulopapillary neoplasm (ITPN) of the bile duct. IPNBs are grossly visible predominantly intraductal-growing papillary neoplasms covered by well-differentiated neoplastic epithelium with fine fibrovascular cores in the dilated bile ducts. Regarding their similarities to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN) of main pancreatic duct type, some IPNBs resemble IPMN (“pancreatic type”), while others are only somewhat similar or variably different from IPMN (“non-pancreatic type”). Some IPNBs develop via a common oncogenic signaling pathway, and others, particularly those of intestinal type, frequently show GNAS mutations, as in IPMN. BilINs are a microscopically recognizable flat or micropapillary pre-invasive neoplasm and are presumed to precede conventional nodular-sclerosing cholangiocarcinomas. ITPN of the bile duct is a rare neoplasm composed of densely packed tubular glands. These three types of neoplasms are not infrequently associated with invasive adenocarcinoma. Pre-invasive intraglandular neoplasms of the peribiliary glands, another epithelial system in the biliary tree, have been also reported. Further characterization of these intraductal and intraglandular neoplasms of the bile duct is needed to overcome devastating invasive biliary tract carcinoma
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