Desenvolvimento de antifúngico a partir das plantas “Coroa-de-Cristo” (Euphorbia sp) E “Espirradeira” (Nerium oleander) / Development of anti-fuels from the tree crown (Euphorbia sp) And Spirit (Nerium oleander) Plants

Por ter um clima úmido a cidade de Curitiba é bastante propícia para a proliferação de mofo (bolor), um tipo de fungo. Esses bolores podem acarretar inúmeros problemas de saúde. Portanto, devido ao risco de contaminação causado pelos fungos, é necessário combatê-los. As soluções disponíveis no mercado para esse problema, entretanto, são caras e, muitas vezes, inacessíveis. Portanto, o objetivo do projeto é de melhorar a qualidade de vida da população por meio da criação de uma solução acessível, a partir das plantas “Coroa-de-Cristo” (Euphorbia sp) e “Espirradeira” (Nerium oleander) – que já apresentaram efeito moluscicida e bactericida conhecidos, respectivamente. Para o teste das propriedades antifúngicas da Coroa-de-Cristo, foi utilizado seu látex. Já para o teste com a Espirradeira, foi utilizado um extrato etanólico de suas folhas. Para o meio de cultura dos fungos, foi utilizado o gel Ágar, posteriormente despejado em placas de Petri. As placas foram esterilizadas e contaminadas com bolor proliferado em pão. As substâncias foram misturadas ao meio de cultura em algumas placas de Petri, e em outras, foram aplicadas diferentes quantidades de cada substância. A fotodegradação dos compostos também foi testada. Em outro experimento, o látex foi misturado com tinta para testar se suas propriedades seriam mantidas. Também foram feitos adesivos à base de ágar em que foi aplicado o látex. Por meio desses testes, pôde-se atestar a viabilidade do uso da Espirradeira e, especialmente, da Coroa-de-Cristo como plantas com propriedades antifúngicas. Ambas as plantas se mostraram eficazes em retardar o aparecimento dos fungos e também em eliminar os fungos contaminados. Dissolvido em tinta e quando aplicado no adesivo, o látex não afetou as propriedades da tinta e sua ação antifúngica foi mantida. O uso do potencial antifúngico abre portas para o desenvolvimento de adesivos antimofo, antifúngicos naturais, acessíveis e com custo de produção baixo para serem adicionados em tintas e outros produtos.

Interventions Reducing Racial/Ethnic Disparities Across the Cancer Care Continuum: A Scoping Review

https://openworks.mdanderson.org/sumexp23/1126/thumbnail.jp

Glucose control and psychosocial outcomes with use of automated insulin delivery for 12 to 96 weeks in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background Glycaemic control of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) remains a challenge due to hypoglycaemic episodes and the burden of insulin self-management. Advancements have been made with the development of automated insulin delivery (AID) devices, yet, previous reviews have only assessed the use of AID over days or weeks, and potential benefits with longer time of AID use in this population remain unclear. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing AID (hybrid and fully closed-loop systems) to usual care (sensor augmented pumps, multiple daily insulin injections, continuous glucose monitoring and predictive low-glucose suspend) for adults and children with T1DM with a minimum duration of 3 months. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central, and Clinicaltrials.gov for studies published up until April 4, 2023. Main outcomes included time in range 70–180 mg/dL as the primary outcome, and change in HbA1c (%, mmol/mol), glucose variability, and psychosocial impact (diabetes distress, treatment satisfaction and fear of hypoglycaemia) as secondary outcomes. Adverse events included diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycaemia. Statistical analyses were conducted using mean differences and odds ratios. Sensitivity analyses were performed according to age, study duration and type of AID device. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42022366710. Results We identified 25 comparisons from 22 studies (six crossover and 16 parallel designs) including a total of 2376 participants (721 in adult studies, 621 in paediatric studies, and 1034 in combined studies) which were eligible for analysis. Use of AID devices ranged from 12 to 96 weeks. Patients using AID had 10.87% higher time in range [95% CI 9.38 to 12.37; p < 0.0001, I2 = 87%) and 0.37% (4.77 mmol/mol) lower HbA1c (95% CI − 0.49% (− 6.39 mmol/mol) to – 0.26 (− 3.14 mmol/mol); p < 0·0001, I2 = 77%]. AID systems decreased night hypoglycaemia, time in hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia and improved patient distress, with no increase in the risk of DKA or severe hypoglycaemia. No difference was found regarding treatment satisfaction or fear of hypoglycaemia. Among children, there was no difference in glucose variability or time spent in hypoglycaemia between the use of AID systems or usual care. In sensitivity analyses, results remained consistent with the overall analysis favouring AID. Conclusion The use of AID systems over 12 weeks, regardless of technical or clinical differences, improved glycaemic outcomes and diabetes distress without increasing the risk of adverse events in adults and children with T1DM

Artificial intelligence for telemedicine diabetic retinopathy screening: a review

AbstractPurpose This study aims to compare artificial intelligence (AI) systems applied in diabetic retinopathy (DR) teleophthalmology screening, currently deployed systems, fairness initiatives and the challenges for implementation.Methods The review included articles retrieved from PubMed/Medline/EMBASE literature search strategy regarding telemedicine, DR and AI. The screening criteria included human articles in English, Portuguese or Spanish and related to telemedicine and AI for DR screening. The author’s affiliations and the study’s population income group were classified according to the World Bank Country and Lending Groups.Results The literature search yielded a total of 132 articles, and nine were included after full-text assessment. The selected articles were published between 2004 and 2020 and were grouped as telemedicine systems, algorithms, economic analysis and image quality assessment. Four telemedicine systems that perform a quality assessment, image preprocessing and pathological screening were reviewed. A data and post-deployment bias assessment are not performed in any of the algorithms, and none of the studies evaluate the social impact implementations. There is a lack of representativeness in the reviewed articles, with most authors and target populations from high-income countries and no low-income country representation.Conclusions Telemedicine and AI hold great promise for augmenting decision-making in medical care, expanding patient access and enhancing cost-effectiveness. Economic studies and social science analysis are crucial to support the implementation of AI in teleophthalmology screening programs. Promoting fairness and generalizability in automated systems combined with telemedicine screening programs is not straightforward. Improving data representativeness, reducing biases and promoting equity in deployment and post-deployment studies are all critical steps in model development

The single-syringe versus the double-syringe techniques of adenosine administration for supraventricular tachycardia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction:The intravenous double-syringe technique (DST) of adenosine administration is the first-line treatment for stable supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Alternatively, the single-syringe technique (SST) was recently found to be potentially beneficial in several studies. This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of the SST versus the DST of adenosine administration for the treatment of SVT. Methods:We assessed EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies of intervention (NRSIs) comparing the DST to the SST of adenosine administration in patients with SVT. Outcomes included termination rate, termination rate at first dose, total administered dose, adverse effects, and discharge rate. Results:We included four studies (three RCTs and one NRSI) with a total of 178 patients, of whom 99 underwent the SST of adenosine administration. No significant difference was found between treatment groups regarding termination rate, termination rate restricted to RCTs, total administered dose, and discharge rate. Termination rate at first dose (odds ratio 2.87; confidence interval 1.11-7.41; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) was significantly increased in patients who received the SST. Major adverse effects were observed in only one study. Conclusions:The SST is probably as safe as the DST and at least as effective for SVT termination, SVT termination at first dose, and discharge rate from the emergency department. However, definitive superiority of one technique is not feasible given the limited sample size