1,717 research outputs found
Dependence of exciton transition energy of single-walled carbon nanotubes on surrounding dielectric materials
We theoretically investigate the dependence of exciton transition energies on
dielectric constant of surrounding materials. We make a simple model for the
relation between dielectric constant of environment and a static dielectric
constant describing the effects of electrons in core states, bonds and
surrounding materials. Although the model is very simple, calculated results
well reproduce experimental transition energy dependence on dielectric constant
of various surrounding materials.Comment: 5pages, 4 figure
<Advanced Energy Conversion Division> Nano Optical Science Research Section
3-1. Research Activities in 202
Performance of the Charge Injection Capability of Suzaku XIS
A charge injection technique is applied to the X-ray CCD camera, XIS (X-ray
Imaging Spectrometer) onboard Suzaku. The charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) in
each CCD column (vertical transfer channel) is measured by the injection of
charge packets into a transfer channel and subsequent readout. This paper
reports the performances of the charge injection capability based on the ground
experiments using a radiation damaged device, and in-orbit measurements of the
XIS. The ground experiments show that charges are stably injected with the
dispersion of 91eV in FWHM in a specific column for the charges equivalent to
the X-ray energy of 5.1keV. This dispersion width is significantly smaller than
that of the X-ray events of 113eV (FWHM) at approximately the same energy. The
amount of charge loss during transfer in a specific column, which is measured
with the charge injection capability, is consistent with that measured with the
calibration source. These results indicate that the charge injection technique
can accurately measure column-dependent charge losses rather than the
calibration sources. The column-to-column CTI correction to the calibration
source spectra significantly reduces the line widths compared to those with a
column-averaged CTI correction (from 193eV to 173eV in FWHM on an average at
the time of one year after the launch). In addition, this method significantly
reduces the low energy tail in the line profile of the calibration source
spectrum.Comment: Paper contains 18 figures and 15 tables. Accepted for publication in
PAS
Mathematical modeling of atopic dermatitis reveals "double switch" mechanisms underlying 4 common disease phenotypes
Background: The skin barrier acts as the first line of defense against constant exposure to biological, microbial, physical and chemical environmental stressors. Dynamic interplay between defects in the skin barrier, dysfunctional immune responses, and environmental stressors are major factors in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD). A systems-biology modeling approach can yield significant insights into these complex and dynamic processes through integration of prior biological data. Objective: To develop a multi-scale mathematical model of AD pathogenesis that describes the dynamic interplay between the skin barrier, environmental stress and immune dysregulation, and use it to achieve a coherent mechanistic understanding of onset, progression and prevention of AD. Methods: We mathematically investigated synergistic effects of known genetic and environmental risk factors on the dynamic onset and progression of the AD phenotype, from a mostly asymptomatic mild phenotype to a severe treatment-resistant form. Results: Our model analysis identified a “double switch”, with two concatenated bistable switches, as a key network motif that dictates AD pathogenesis: The first switch is responsible for the reversible onset of inflammation; The second switch is triggered by long-lasting or frequent activation of the first switch, causing the irreversible onset of systemic Th2 sensitization and worsening of AD symptoms. Conclusions: Our mathematical analysis of the bistable switch predicts that genetic risk factors lower the threshold of environmental stressors to trigger systemic Th2 sensitization. This analysis predicts and explains four common clinical AD phenotypes from a mild and reversible phenotype through to severe and recalcitrant disease and provides a mechanistic explanation for clinically-demonstrated preventive effects of emollient treatments against development of AD
Light hadron spectroscopy in two-flavor QCD with small sea quark masses
We extend the study of the light hadron spectrum and the quark mass in
two-flavor QCD to smaller sea quark mass, corresponding to
--0.35. Numerical simulations are carried out using the
RG-improved gauge action and the meanfield-improved clover quark action at
( fm from meson mass). We observe that the light
hadron spectrum for small sea quark mass does not follow the expectation from
chiral extrapolations with quadratic functions made from the region of
--0.55. Whereas fits with either polynomial or continuum
chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) fails, the Wilson ChPT (WChPT) that includes
effects associated with explicit chiral symmetry breaking successfully
fits the whole data: In particular, WChPT correctly predicts the light quark
mass spectrum from simulations for medium heavy quark mass, such as m_{PS}/m_V
\simgt 0.5. Reanalyzing the previous data %at --0.55 with
the use of WChPT, we find the mean up and down quark mass being smaller than
the previous result from quadratic chiral extrapolation by approximately 10%,
[MeV] in the continuum limit.Comment: 33 page
Itinerant ferromagnetism in half-metallic CoS_2
We have investigated electronic and magnetic properties of the pyrite-type
CoS_2 using the linearized muffin-tin orbital (LMTO) band method. We have
obtained the ferromagnetic ground state with nearly half-metallic nature. The
half-metallic stability is studied by using the fixed spin moment method. The
non-negligible orbital magnetic moment of Co 3d electrons is obtained as in the local spin density approximation (LSDA). The calculated
ratio of the orbital to spin angular momenta / = 0.15 is
consistent with experiment. The effect of the Coulomb correlation between Co 3d
electrons is also explored with the LSDA + U method. The Coulomb correlation at
Co sites is not so large, eV, and so CoS_2 is possibly
categorized as an itinerant ferromagnet. It is found that the observed
electronic and magnetic behaviors of CoS_2 can be described better by the LSDA
than by the LSDA + U.Comment: 4 pages, 3 postscript figure
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