A calculation of the transport coefficients of hot and dense hadronic matter based on the event generator URASiMA

We evaluate thermodynamical quantities and the transport coefficients of a dense and hot hadronic matter based on the event generator URASiMA (Ultra-Relativistic AA collision Simulator based on Multiple Scattering Algorithm) with periodic boundary conditions. As the simplest example of the transport coefficients we investigate the temperature dependence and the chemical potential dependence of the baryon diffusion constant of a dense and hot hadronic matter.Comment: To appear in the Proceeding of the International Conference on Quark Nuclear Physics(QNP2000), 21-25 February 2000, Adelaide, Australi

Analyses of collective flow and space-time evolution based on relativistic hydrodynamical model

We numerically solve fully (3+1)-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamical equation with the baryon number conservation law. For realistic initial conditions we adopt the results from the event generator (URASiMA). Using this model we discuss collective flow.Comment: 4 pages, 11 figures, to apper in Proceedings of Quark Matter '9

Chiral symmetry breaking and stability of strangelets

We discuss the stability of strangelets by considering dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and confinement. We use a $U(3)_{L} \times U(3)_{R}$ symmetric Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model for chiral symmetry breaking supplemented by a boundary condition for confinement. It is shown that strangelets with baryon number $A < 2 \times 10^{3}$ can stably exist. For the observables, we obtain the masses and the charge-to-baryon number ratios of the strangelets. These quantities are compared with the observed data of the exotic particles.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Charge diffusion constant in hot and dense hadronic matter - A Hadro-molecular-dynamic calculation

We evaluate charge diffusion constant of dense and hot hadronic matter based on the molecular dynamical method by using a hadronic collision generator which describes nuclear collisions at energies 10 < E < 100 GeV/A and satisfies detailed balance at low temperatures (T < 200 MeV). For the hot and dense hadronic matter of the temperature range, 100 < T < 200 MeV and baryon number density, 0.16 < nB < 0.32 fm^-3, charge diffusion constant D gradually increases from 0.5 fm c to 2 fm c with temperature and is almost independent of baryon number density. Based on the obtained diffusion constant we make simple discussions on the diffusion of charge fluctuation in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

A Calculation of Baryon Diffusion Constant in Hot and Dense Hadronic Matter Based on an Event Generator URASiMA

We evaluate thermodynamical quantities and transport coefficients of a dense and hot hadronic matter based on an event generator URASiMA (Ultra-Relativistic AA collision Simulator based on Multiple Scattering Algorithm). The statistical ensembles in equilibrium with fixed temperature and chemical potential are generated by imposing periodic boundary condition to the simulation of URASiMA, where energy density and baryon number density is conserved. Achievement of the thermal equilibrium and the chemical equilibrium are confirmed by the common value of slope parameter in the energy distributions and the saturation of the numbers of contained particles, respectively. By using the generated ensembles, we investigate the temperature dependence and the chemical potential dependence of the baryon diffusion constant of a dense and hot hadronic matter.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX2

Age-specific antibody to hepatitis E virus has remained constant during the past 20 years in Japan

The definitive version is available at www.blackwell-synergy.comArticleJournal of Viral Hepatitis. 12(4): 439-442 (2005)journal articl

Study of Charmonia near the deconfining transition on an anisotropic lattice with O(a) improved quark action

We study hadron properties near the deconfining transition in the quenched lattice QCD simulation. This paper focuses on the heavy quarkonium states, such as $J/\psi$ meson. In order to treat heavy quarks at $T>0$, we adopt the $O(a)$ improved Wilson action on anisotropic lattice. We discuss $c\bar{c}$ bound state observing the wave function and compare the meson correlators at above and below $T_c$. Although we find a large change of correlator near the $T_c$, the strong spatial correlation which is almost the same as confinement phase survives even $T\sim 1.5T_c$.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Protective effects of Derinat, a nucleotide-based drug, on experimental traumatic brain injury, and its cellular mechanisms

Traumatic brain injury is the most common cause of death and disability in young people including sport athletes and soldiers, people under 45 years of age in the industrialized countries, representing a growing health problem in developing countries, as well as in aging communities. Treatment of the latter is a serious challenge for modern medicine. This type of injury leads to many kinds of disorders and, quite often, to disability. These issue require development of new methods for brain trauma treatment. The new approach to brain trauma treatment was studied in murine experiments. In particular, sodium salt of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was used. This preparation is a drug known as a mixture of peptides with immunomodulatory effect which is widely used for different kinds of therapy. Derinat, a sodium salt of DNA, isolated from the caviar of Russian sturgeon, is a proven immunomodulator for treatment of diseases associatd with reactive oxygen species (ROS), including brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Here we show that treatment with Derinat exert neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects in experimental model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of Derinat several times over 3 days after TBI showed less pronounced damage of the injured brain area. Immunohistochemical study showed that the Derinat-induced morphological changes of microglia in cerebral cortex and hippocampus 7 days after TBI. TBI-induced accumulation of 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), the marker of oxidative damage, was significantly attenuated by Derinat administration, both on 7th and 14th day after TBI. To investigate cellular mechanism of anti-inflammatory effects, the primary cultures of murine microglia supplied with ATP (50 M and 1 mM), as a substance released at injured site, were used to mimic the in vitro inflammatory response. Derinate treatment caused an increase of glial levels of mRNAs encoding neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the presence of ATP, whereas tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) mRNA was inhibited by ATP with or without Derinat. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression was not affected by ATP but was increased by Derinat. Both mRNA and protein levels of ATP-induced TNFα production were significantly inhibited by Derinat. These results partially contribute to understanding mechanisms of immunomodulatory effects of DNA preparations in traumatic brain injury

Goishi tea consumption inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness in BALB/c mice

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is one of the important traits that characterize bronchial asthma. Goishi tea is a post-heating fermented tea that has been reported to have higher free radical scavenging activity. In this study, we evaluated the prophylactic effects of Goishi tea on AHR in BALB/c mice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The number of inflammatory cells in BAL fluid was considerably reduced in Goishi tea/<it>Der f </it>and Gallic acid/<it>Der f </it>groups as compared with Tap water/<it>Der f </it>group. Regarding inflammatory cells in BAL, a significant reduction of eosinophils and neutrophils was observed in Goishi tea-treated mice (p < 0.01), as well as in the Gallic acid/<it>Der f </it>group (p < 0.05), as compared with Tap water/<it>Der f </it>group. In asthmatic mice (Tap water/<it>Der f </it>group), the intensity of airway resistance increased simultaneously with the increase in acetylcholine concentration in a dose-dependant way. AHR was significantly inhibited in Goishi tea/<it>Der f </it>and Gallic acid/<it>Der f </it>(p < 0.01) groups as compared with the Tap water/<it>Der f </it>group. Regarding serum specific-IgG₁, significantly lower levels of this antibody were observed in Goishi tea/<it>Der f </it>and Gallic acid/<it>Der f </it>groups as compared with the Tap water/<it>Der f </it>group (p < 0.05). In addition, adiponectin level was significantly higher in the Goishi tea group as compared with the Tap water treated mice (p < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The results suggest that Goishi tea consumption exerted an inhibitory effect on eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration in the lung, attenuated the increase in airway resistance and increased the production of adiponectin; thus reducing Der f induced allergic inflammatory process in mice.</p