Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy of Freshmen and Sophomores at “A” University during the COVID-19 Pandemic

本稿では，コロナ禍におけるA 大学の大学1・2 年生（大学生低学年）の進路選択セルフ・エフィカシーについて議論する。パネル調査の結果，次の2 つのことが示された。（1）COVID-19 によってもたらされた雇用状況に対する不安は，大学1・2 年生の進路選択セルフ・エフィカシーの向上を阻害している。（2）雇用状況の悪化の下でも，大学1・2 年生の女子学生の進路選択セルフ・エフィカシーは高まっていることが示唆された。We discuss career decision-making self-efficacy (CDMSE) of freshmen and sophomores during the COVID-19 Pandemic. A panel survey with questionnaires (two-way ANOVA with replications) was conducted. The following two results were indicated: (1) the anticipation of a downward trend in employment during the COVID-19 Pandemic is preventing freshmen and sophomores from increasing CDMSE, (2) in spite of the downward trend, first year and second year female students have increased CDMSE

Management of axitinib (AG-013736)-induced fatigue and thyroid dysfunction, and predictive biomarkers of axitinib exposure: results from phase I studies in Japanese patients

Background Axitinib is an oral, potent and selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) 1, 2 and 3. We report on data obtained from 18 Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors in two phase I trials that evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of axitinib and also examined potential biomarkers. Methods Six patients received a single 5-mg dose of axitinib followed by 5 mg twice daily (BID), and an additional six patients received axitinib 5 mg BID only. Another six patients received axitinib at 5-mg, 7-mg and 10-mg single doses followed by 5 mg BID. Results Plasma pharmacokinetics following single doses of axitinib was generally linear. Common treatment-related adverse events were fatigue (83%), anorexia (72%), diarrhea (67%), hand–foot syndrome (67%) and hypertension (61%). Sixteen patients (89%) experienced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) elevation. Grade 3/4 toxicities included hypertension (33%) and fatigue (28%). No grade 3/4 fatigue occurred in patients who started thyroid hormone replacement therapy when TSH was elevated. Thyroglobulin elevation was observed in all patients who continued treatment with axitinib for ≥3 months. Abnormal TSH correlated with exposure to axitinib (r = 0.72). Decrease in soluble (s) VEGFR-2 levels significantly correlated with exposure to axitinib (r = –0.94). Axitinib showed antitumor activity across multiple tumor types. Conclusions Axitinib-related thyroid dysfunction could be due to a direct effect on the thyroid gland. Grade 3/4 fatigue and hypothyroidism appear to be controllable with use of thyroid hormone replacement therapy. sVEGFR-2 and TSH may act as biomarkers of axitinib plasma exposure