400 research outputs found
Spontaneous spin selectivity and linear magnetoelectric effect in chiral molecules
Chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) has been extensively studied over
the past two decades. While current-induced spin polarization in chiral
molecules is widely recognized as the fundamental principle of the CISS, only a
few studies have been reported on bias-current-free CISS, where there is no
bias electric current in chiral molecules. In this paper, we discuss the
microscopic origin of bias-free CISS using chiral molecule/ferromagnet bilayer
systems. Recent studies on the chirality-induced exchange bias and
current-in-plane magnetoresistance (CIP-MR) effects indicate that chiral
molecules possess thermally driven broken-time-reversal symmetry at the
interface, which induces bias-current-free CISS, i.e. a spontaneous effective
magnetic field in the system. We also discuss the possibility of the linear
magnetoelectric effect of chiral molecules at the interface and its potential
impact on the observed CISS phenomena
Precise navigation surgery of tumours in the lung in mouse models enabled by in situ fluorescence labelling with a killer-reporter adenovirus.
BackgroundCurrent methods of image-guided surgery of tumours of the lung mostly rely on CT. A sensitive procedure of selective tumour fluorescence labelling would allow simple and high-resolution visualisation of the tumour for precise surgical navigation.MethodsHuman lung cancer cell lines H460 and A549 were genetically transformed to express red fluorescent protein (RFP). Tumours were grown subcutaneously for each cell line and harvested and minced for surgical orthotopic implantation on the left lung of nude mice. Tumour growth was measured by fluorescence imaging. After the tumours reached 5β
mm in diameter, they were injected under fluorescence guidance with the telomerase-dependent green fluorescent protein (GFP)-containing adenovirus, OBP-401. Viral labelling of the lung tumours with GFP precisely colocalised with tumour RFP expression. Three days after administration of OBP-401, fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) was performed.ResultsFGS of tumours in the lung was enabled by labelling with a telomerase-dependent adenovirus containing the GFP gene. Tumours in the lung were selectively and brightly labelled. FGS enabled complete lung tumour resection with no residual fluorescent tumour.ConclusionsFGS of tumours in the lung is feasible and more effective than bright-light surgery
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