Nonprofit Business Plan Development: From Vision, Mission and Values to Implementation

Describes steps for nonprofit planning, with sections that cover organizational assessment, vision and mission statements, goal-setting, and plan implementation

Revista complutense de educación

Resumen basado en el de la publicaciónSe lleva a cabo una revisión general del procedimiento cloze, procedimiento que es ampliamente conocido y utilizado como instrumento de evaluación de la lectura en los países de habla inglesa pero que apenas es conocido y empleado en España. Dicha revisión hace referencia tanto a los aspectos metodológicos relacionados con dicho procedimiento como a los distintos usos para los que puede emplearse en el campo de la evaluación de la lectura.ES

TNFα promotes proliferation of human synovial MSCs while maintaining chondrogenic potential

<div><p>Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a candidate cell source for cartilage and meniscus regeneration. If we can proliferate synovial MSCs more effectively, we can expand clinical applications to patients with large cartilage and meniscus lesions. TNFα is a pleiotropic cytokine that can affect the growth and differentiation of cells in the body. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of TNFα on proliferation, chondrogenesis, and other properties of human synovial MSCs. Passage 1 human synovial MSCs from 2 donors were cultured with 2.5 x 10⁻¹²~10⁻⁷ g/ml, 10 fold dilution series of TNFα for 14 days, then the cell number and colony number was counted. The effect of the optimum dose of TNFα on proliferation was also examined in synovial MSCs from 6 donors. Chondrogenic potential of synovial MSCs pretreated with TNFα was evaluated in 6 donors. The expressions of 12 surface antigens were also examined in 3 donors.2.5 ng/ml and higher concentration of TNFα significantly increased cell number/dish and cell number/colony in both donors. The effect of 25 ng/ml TNFα was confirmed in all 6 donors. There was no significant difference in the weight, or amount of glycosaminoglycan and DNA of the cartilage pellets between the MSCs untreated and MSCs pretreated with 25 ng/ml TNFα. TNFα decreased expression rate of CD 105 and 140b in all 3 donors. TNFα promoted proliferation of synovial MSCs with increase of cell number/ colony. Pretreatment with TNFα did not affect chondrogenesis of synovial MSCs. However, TNFα affected some properties of synovial MSCs.</p></div

Comparison of chondrogenic potential of synovial MSCs pretreated with or without TNFα.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs pretreated with 25 ng/ml TNFα or without TNFα (Control) were harvested, pelleted, and cultured in the chondrogenic medium without TNFα for 21 days. (B) Macroscopic and histological features of cartilage pellets. For histology, the sections were stained with safranin-o (C) Diameter and weight of the cartilage pellets. Average values are shown (n = 6, *p<0.05 by Wilcoxon signed-ranks test).</p

Surface antigen expression of synovial MSCs treated with TNFα.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs were cultured with or without TNFα (Control) for 14 days for flow cytometry analysis. (B) Surface epitope expression. Average values are shown (n = 3).</p

The effect of 25 ng/ml TNFα on proliferation of synovial MSCs.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs were cultured with 2.5 x 10^-8g/ml TNFα or without TNFα (Control) for 14 days. (B) Representative dishes stained with crystal violet (6 donors). (C) Representative cell colonies stained with crystal violet. Cell number/dish, colony number/dish, and cell number/colony. Average values are shown (n = 6, *p<0.05 by Wilcoxon signed-ranks test).</p

Comparison of adipogenic and calcification potential of synovial MSCs pretreated with or without TNFα.

<p>(A) Experimental design. Synovial MSCs were pretreated with 25 ng/ml TNFα or without TNFα (Control) for 14 days, then the medium was changed and the cells were cultured in adipogenic medium or calcification medium for further 21 days. (B) Representative cells stained with oil red-o for adipogenesis. (C) Representative cells stained with alizarin red for calcification.</p

Additional file 3: of High-sensitivity virus and mycoplasma screening test reveals high prevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in human synovial tissues and bone marrow

Table S2. Primer and probe sequence of nested PCR analysis and sequencing for parvovirus B19 virus genome. (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 5: of High-sensitivity virus and mycoplasma screening test reveals high prevalence of parvovirus B19 infection in human synovial tissues and bone marrow

Figure S2. Primer and probe design for quantitative PCR analysis for virus multi-spliced mRNA. (A) Parvovirus B19. (B) CMV. (C) HSV-1. (PPTX 135 kb

Regenerated cartilage immunostained with GFP and lubricin.

<p>(A) Sagittal sections immunostained with GFP. (B) Histological observation under fluorescence for GFP, Hoechst 33342, and lubricin. White arrows indicate both lubricin and GFP positive cells in the superficial zone.</p