集中マイクロホンによるマイクロホンアレイの小型化に関する研究

制度:新 ; 文部省報告番号:甲2190号 ; 学位の種類:博士(工学) ; 授与年月日:2006/3/15 ; 早大学位記番号:新421

Longevity in Mice Is Promoted by Probiotic-Induced Suppression of Colonic Senescence Dependent on Upregulation of Gut Bacterial Polyamine Production

BACKGROUND: Chronic low-grade inflammation is recognized as an important factor contributing to senescence and age-related diseases. In mammals, levels of polyamines (PAs) decrease during the ageing process; PAs are known to decrease systemic inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine synthesis in macrophages. Reductions in intestinal luminal PAs levels have been associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction. The probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LKM512 is known to increase intestinal luminal PA concentrations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We supplemented the diet of 10-month-old Crj:CD-1 female mice with LKM512 for 11 months, while the controls received no supplementation. Survival rates were compared using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. LKM512-treated mice survived significantly longer than controls (P<0.001); moreover, skin ulcers and tumors were more common in the control mice. We then analyzed inflammatory and intestinal conditions by measuring several markers using HPLC, ELISA, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, and histological slices. LKM512 mice showed altered 16S rRNA gene expression of several predominant intestinal bacterial groups. The fecal concentrations of PAs, but not of short-chain fatty acids, were significantly higher in LKM512-treated mice (P<0.05). Colonic mucosal function was also better in LKM512 mice, with increased mucus secretion and better maintenance of tight junctions. Changes in gene expression levels were evaluated using the NimbleGen mouse DNA microarray. LKM512 administration also downregulated the expression of ageing-associated and inflammation-associated genes and gene expression levels in 21-month-old LKM512-treated mice resembled those in 10-month-old untreated (younger) mice. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study demonstrated increased longevity in mice following probiotic treatment with LKM512, possibly due to the suppression of chronic low-grade inflammation in the colon induced by higher PA levels. This indicates that ingestion of specific probiotics may be an easy approach for improving intestinal health and increasing lifespan. Further studies are required to clarify its effectiveness in humans

Perchloric acid-soluble protein regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in the spinal cord of chick embryos

AbstractThe role of perchloric acid-soluble protein (PSP) was investigated in chick embryos. Fluorescently labeled anti-chick liver (CL)-PSP IgG was injected into the yolk sac in ovo at embryonic day 3, and became localized in neuroepithelial cells. Within 12h, morphological changes were observed in 37.5% of anti-CL-PSP IgG-injected embryos, and the neuroepithelial cells formed a wavy line. No significant changes were observed in embryos injected with non-immune IgG or PBS. Increased expression of PCNA and decreased expression of neuronal class III β-tubulin were observed in the spinal cord after anti-CL-PSP IgG injection. These results suggest that PSP controls the proliferation and differentiation of neuroepithelial cells in chick embryos

Mikroskopska istraživanja stijenki glavnih arterija za opskrbljivanje mliječnih žlijezda zamorčeta (Cavia porcellus) u različitim reprodukcijskim stadijima.

A microscopic studies on the arterial wall of main arteries supplying the mammary glands of guinea pig at different reproductive stages was carried out by using a light microscope. The arterial segments from the ascending aorta to the mammary glands were classified into elastic, transitional and muscular types. The ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, the subclavian, the thoracic, and abdominal aorta were elastic type. The subendothelial layer was present. The tunica media contained of well- defined elastic lamellae. The maximum numbers of elastic lamellae were recorded as 25-30, in the ascending aorta. The common iliac, the proximal and distal parts of the external iliac, and the proximal part of the femoral arteries were transitional type. The transitional type had the characteristics feature of both elastic and muscular types. The deep femoral, pudendoepigastric trunk, the external pudendal, the caudal superficial epigastric, and the caudal and cranial mammary arteries were muscular type. The tunica media was completely devoid of elastic lamellae. The reproductive stages did not affect the general histology of the large and medium size arteries. But the internal elastic membrane of the external pudendal, caudal superficial epigastric, and mammary arteries were wavy in the virgin stage. This wavy character was lost following pregnancy to the on the onset of lactation. It may beassumed that, during lactating period increased volume and force flow of blood through these arteries gives pressure to the inner arterial wall resulting straightening of the internal elastic membrane. The existence of elastic lamellae in the elastic arteries, probably due to resist comparatively high arterial pressure compared to that of the peripheral muscular arteries.Obavljeno je mikroskopsko istraživanje stijenki glavnih arterija koje opskrbljuju krvlju mliječnu žlijezdu zamorčeta tijekom različitih faza reprodukcije. Arterijski segmenti uzlaznog dijela aorte klasificirani su kao elastični, prijelazni i mišićni tip. Uzlazni dio aorte, brahiocefalični trunkus, supklavijalna, torakalna i abdominalna aorta elastičnog su tipa s prisutnim subendotelijalnim slojem. Tunika medija sadrži dobro definirane elastične lamele kojih u uzlazne aorte ima 25 do 30. Zajednička ilijačna, proksimalni i distalni dio vanjske ilijačne arterije i proksimalni dio femoralnih arterija prijelaznog su tipa koji ima karakteristike elastičnoga i mišićnoga epitela. Dubinska femoralna arterija, pudendoepigastrični trunkus, vanjska pudendalna arterija, kaudalna superficijalna epigastrična arterija te kaudalne i kranijalne mamarne arterije mišićnoga su tipa. Tunika medija u navedenih arterija upotpunosti je bez elastičnih lamela. Potrebno je istaknuti da različite faze reprodukcije ne utječu na histološku građu velikih i malih arterija. U razdoblju prije gravidnosti zapažena je valovitost interne elastične membrane vanjske pudendalne arterije, kaudalne superficijalne epigastrične te mamarne arterije koja se gubi nakon nastupa gravidnosti pa sve do razdoblja laktacije. Pretpostavlja se da je to odgovor na povećan protok krvi koji svojim tlakom mijenja ujedno i morfologiju interne elastične membrane

Reproducibility of CBF using pCASL

Purpose : To determine the reproducibility of corrected quantitative cerebral blood flow (qCBF) through measurement of transit flow time using multi-delay three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) in healthy men and women and to evaluate the differences in qCBF between not only men and women, but also the follicular and luteal phases of the women’s menstrual cycle. Methods : The participants were 16 healthy volunteers (8 men and 8 women ; mean age, 25.3 years). Two MRI were conducted for all participants ; female participants were conducted in the follicular and luteal phases. The reproducibility of qCBF values was evaluated by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and differences between the two groups were estimated by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. Results : The qCBF values were lower in men than in women, and those in females were significantly different between the follicular and luteal phases (P < 0.05). In VBM analysis, the qCBF values of the lower frontal lobes were significantly higher in women than in men (P < 0.05). The qCBF values of the frontal pole were significantly higher in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P < 0.01). Conclusion : Multi-delay pCASL can reveal physiological and sex differences in cerebral perfusion

Bioactive polyamine production by a novel hybrid system comprising multiple indigenous gut bacterial strategies

個々の腸内細菌の生き残り戦略が組み合わさることで、 機能性物質ポリアミンが産生されていることを発見しました. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2018-07-06.Metabolites of the intestinal microbiota are thought to be generated through metabolic pathways spanning multiple taxa of intestinal bacteria. We have previously shown that the level of putrescine, a polyamine found abundantly in the human intestinal lumen, is increased in the colonic lumen following administration of arginine and the probiotic Bifidobacterium sp.; however, the underlying mechanism remained poorly understood. We report a novel pathway for putrescine production from arginine through agmatine involving the collaboration of two bacterial groups, and triggered by environmental acidification (drop in pH to below 6.5 from neutral). This pathway comprises the acid tolerance system of Escherichia coli, representing bacteria that have an arginine-dependent acid resistance system; the energy production system of Enterococcus faecalis, representing bacteria that have an agmatine deiminase system; and the acid production system of the acid-producing bacteria, represented by Bifidobacterium spp. This pathway is unique in that it represents a relationship between the independent survival strategies of multiple bacteria

Mikroskopska istraživanja stijenki glavnih arterija za opskrbljivanje mliječnih žlijezda zamorčeta (Cavia porcellus) u različitim reprodukcijskim stadijima.

A microscopic studies on the arterial wall of main arteries supplying the mammary glands of guinea pig at different reproductive stages was carried out by using a light microscope. The arterial segments from the ascending aorta to the mammary glands were classified into elastic, transitional and muscular types. The ascending aorta, aortic arch, brachiocephalic trunk, the subclavian, the thoracic, and abdominal aorta were elastic type. The subendothelial layer was present. The tunica media contained of well- defined elastic lamellae. The maximum numbers of elastic lamellae were recorded as 25-30, in the ascending aorta. The common iliac, the proximal and distal parts of the external iliac, and the proximal part of the femoral arteries were transitional type. The transitional type had the characteristics feature of both elastic and muscular types. The deep femoral, pudendoepigastric trunk, the external pudendal, the caudal superficial epigastric, and the caudal and cranial mammary arteries were muscular type. The tunica media was completely devoid of elastic lamellae. The reproductive stages did not affect the general histology of the large and medium size arteries. But the internal elastic membrane of the external pudendal, caudal superficial epigastric, and mammary arteries were wavy in the virgin stage. This wavy character was lost following pregnancy to the on the onset of lactation. It may beassumed that, during lactating period increased volume and force flow of blood through these arteries gives pressure to the inner arterial wall resulting straightening of the internal elastic membrane. The existence of elastic lamellae in the elastic arteries, probably due to resist comparatively high arterial pressure compared to that of the peripheral muscular arteries.Obavljeno je mikroskopsko istraživanje stijenki glavnih arterija koje opskrbljuju krvlju mliječnu žlijezdu zamorčeta tijekom različitih faza reprodukcije. Arterijski segmenti uzlaznog dijela aorte klasificirani su kao elastični, prijelazni i mišićni tip. Uzlazni dio aorte, brahiocefalični trunkus, supklavijalna, torakalna i abdominalna aorta elastičnog su tipa s prisutnim subendotelijalnim slojem. Tunika medija sadrži dobro definirane elastične lamele kojih u uzlazne aorte ima 25 do 30. Zajednička ilijačna, proksimalni i distalni dio vanjske ilijačne arterije i proksimalni dio femoralnih arterija prijelaznog su tipa koji ima karakteristike elastičnoga i mišićnoga epitela. Dubinska femoralna arterija, pudendoepigastrični trunkus, vanjska pudendalna arterija, kaudalna superficijalna epigastrična arterija te kaudalne i kranijalne mamarne arterije mišićnoga su tipa. Tunika medija u navedenih arterija upotpunosti je bez elastičnih lamela. Potrebno je istaknuti da različite faze reprodukcije ne utječu na histološku građu velikih i malih arterija. U razdoblju prije gravidnosti zapažena je valovitost interne elastične membrane vanjske pudendalne arterije, kaudalne superficijalne epigastrične te mamarne arterije koja se gubi nakon nastupa gravidnosti pa sve do razdoblja laktacije. Pretpostavlja se da je to odgovor na povećan protok krvi koji svojim tlakom mijenja ujedno i morfologiju interne elastične membrane

Promotion of Intestinal Peristalsis by Bifidobacterium spp. Capable of Hydrolysing Sennosides in Mice

BACKGROUND:While there are a variety of identifiable causes of constipation, even idiopathic constipation has different possible mechanisms. Sennosides, the main laxative constituents of Daio, an ancient Kampo medicine, are prodrugs that are converted to an active principle, rheinanthrone, by intestinal microbiota. In this study, we aimed to determine the sennoside hydrolysis ability of lactic acid bacterial strains and bifidobacteria in the intestine and to investigate their effect on intestinal peristalsis in mice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:A total of 88 lactic acid bacterial strains and 47 bifidobacterial strains were evaluated for their ability to hydrolyze sennosides. Our results revealed that 4 strains, all belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium, had strong sennoside hydrolysis ability, exhibiting a decrease of >70% of sennoside content. By thin-layer chromatography analysis, rheinanthrone was detected in the medium cultured with B. pseudocatenulatum LKM10070 and B. animalis subsp. lactis LKM512. The fecal sennoside contents significantly (P<0.001) decreased upon oral administration of these strains as compared with the control. Intestinal peristalsis activity was measured by the moved distance of the charcoal powder administered orally. The distance travelled by the charcoal powder in LKM512-treated mice was significantly longer than that of control (P<0.05). Intestinal microbiota were analysed by real-time PCR and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The diversity of the intestinal microbiota was reduced by kanamycin treatment and the diversity was not recovered by LKM512 treatment. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:We demonstrated that intestinal peristalsis was promoted by rheinanthrone produced by hydrolysis of sennoside by strain LKM512 and LKM10070