Building Innovation System for the Diffusion of Renewable EnergyTechnology: Practices in Ethiopia and Bangladesh

AbstractThe diffusion of renewable energy technologies (RETs) has been progressing very slowly in global scope, particularly in developing countries where the diffusion challenges for renewable are greater. Among potential actors in the promotion and diffusion of rural-based renewable energy innovations, NGOs and NPOs have been mentioned as promising actors. However, empirical studies that show the role of the actors and the way they can besystem builders by diffusing existing technologies have been very rare. This paper discusses the practices of an NGO in Ethiopia (Solar Energy Foundation) and an NPO in Bangladesh (Grameen Shakti) and showshowlocal technological innovation systems can be built bykey actors in the context of developing countries. The studysheds light on the process of system building for accelerated diffusion of RETs in the context of developing countries. Using a theoretical framework, we compared the approach, technology adoption trend (solar home systems diffusion), and common challenges facing both actors in their respective countries. The two empirical cases which are in different geographical contexts provided lessons on thesimilarities and differences of system building practices and emerging innovation systems for diffusion of RETs in developing countries

Chapter 24: Building a Sustainable Photovoltaic Innovation System in Indonesia Through Network Governance Perspective

Part of the Environment & Policy book series (ENPO, volume 61)Photovoltaic (PV) is one of primary renewable energy sources aimed to achieve national electrification ratio in Indonesia. There are two PV electricity generators in Indonesia, centralized PV generators (PLTS) and dispersed PV generators (SHS). Both PLTS and SHS are installed in remote and rural areas by which there are no electricity grids provided by state-owned electricity (PLN). The numbers of 15 PLTS/SHS projects are main cases of this study. All of them are categorized based on the type of project and thus analyzed by qualitative research method. This research attempts to investigate PV projects’ current progress and formulate a solution to solve the emerging problems. This research found that PLTS/ SHS projects face unresolved classical problems over the years, unsustaining PV projects (e.g., short-life infrastructure due to maintenance capability issue). This study proposes regional innovation system (RIS) and sectoral innovation system (SIS) as the Indonesian comprehensive policy strategy to sustain national PV projects. Network Governance (NG) perspective is a lens to capture how actors of academician, business, government, and community (ABGC) interact and collaborate mutually. The conclusion is that RIS and SIS can create a PV market in Indonesia, possibly being implemented through different NG forms

PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVELOPMENT FROM NEW ORDER REGIME TO REFORMATION REGIME IN INDONESIA: PERSPECTIVE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION SYSTEM

PV has been firstly introduced in Indonesia by government as part of new and renewable enegies (NREs) since new order regime. During this regime, directive of PV development was totally determined by strong role of government. Afterwards, in reformation regime, role of enterprises to develop PV appeared when government issued regulation about use of local products as well as formation of the directorate of NREs at Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resource (ESDM) in 2010. To capture phenomena of PV development during new order regime to reformation regime, technological innovation system (TIS) is used on this study. This study is a qualitative analysis using case study method developed by Yin. Finding of this study is that PV projects and its technology cannot be massively developed without intervention of government both in new order regime and reformation regime