3 research outputs found
Chemically Preintercalated Bilayered K<sub><i>x</i></sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>·<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub>O Nanobelts as a High-Performing Cathode Material for K‑Ion Batteries
Tailoring the structure
of the electrode material through chemical
insertion of charge-carrying ions emerged as an efficient approach
leading to enhanced performance of energy storage devices. Here, we
for the first time report the effect of chemically preintercalated
K<sup>+</sup> ions on electrochemical charge storage properties of
bilayered vanadium oxide (δ-V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) as a
cathode in nonaqueous K-ion batteries, a low-cost alternative to Li-ion
batteries, which is attractive for large-scale energy storage. δ-K<sub>0.42</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>·0.25H<sub>2</sub>O with
expanded interlayer spacing of 9.65 Ã… exhibited record high initial
discharge capacity of 268 mAh·g<sup>–1</sup> at a current
rate of C/50 and 226 mAh·g<sup>–1</sup> at a current rate
of C/15. K-preintercalated bilayered vanadium oxide showed capacity
retention of 74% after 50 cycles at a constant current of C/15 and
58% capacity retention when the current rate was increased from C/15
to 1C. Analysis of the mechanism of charge storage revealed that diffusion-controlled
intercalation dominates over nonfaradaic capacitive contribution.
High electrochemical performance of δ-K<sub>0.42</sub>V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>·0.25H<sub>2</sub>O is attributed to the
facilitated diffusion of electrochemically cycled K<sup>+</sup> ions
through well-defined intercalation sites, formed by chemically preintercalated
K<sup>+</sup> ions
Morphological Instability in Topologically Complex, Three-Dimensional Electrocatalytic Nanostructures
Advances
in electrocatalyst functionality have resulted from the
evolution of complex nanostructured materials with increasing degrees
of compositional and morphological complexity. Focused almost entirely
on pushing the boundaries of intrinsic activity, electrocatalytic
material development often overlooks stability. Operating in parallel
to the typical mechanisms of electrochemical material degradation,
three-dimensional nanomaterials are susceptible to an additional degradation
process known as coarsening. Driven by the reduction of surface free
energy, surface diffusion evolves the nanoporous morphology toward
a solid spherical particle. Here, using nanoporous NiPt alloy nanoparticles
(np-NiPt/C) as a representative three-dimensional electrocatalytic
material, we demonstrate that coarsening is the dominant mechanism
of degradation as observed during accelerated durability testing (ADT).
The upper potential limit (UPL) of the ADT protocol is found to have
a significant impact on coarsening, with the rate roughly scaling
with the UPL. Here we demonstrate the viability of a methodology to
limit the coarsening process by decoration of the surface with a foreign
metal impurity, Ir, possessing a surface diffusivity lower than that
of the catalytic species. Ir, present in a low coverage with negligible
impact on the intrinsic activity, dramatically slows morphology evolution.
This strategy is shown to result in significant improvements in the
electrochemically active surface area and transition-metal alloying
component retention up to a UPL of 1.1 V versus the reversible hydrogen
electrode. This proof-of-concept result demonstrates the utility of
this strategy for improving the balance between activity and stability
for three-dimensional electrocatalytic nanomaterials with potential
application to a broad range of nanoscale geometries and compositions
Thickness-Dependent Crossover from Charge- to Strain-Mediated Magnetoelectric Coupling in Ferromagnetic/Piezoelectric Oxide Heterostructures
Magnetoelectric oxide heterostructures are proposed active layers for spintronic memory and logic devices, where information is conveyed through spin transport in the solid state. Incomplete theories of the coupling between local strain, charge, and magnetic order have limited their deployment into new information and communication technologies. In this study, we report direct, local measurements of strain- and charge-mediated magnetization changes in the La<sub>0.7</sub>Sr<sub>0.3</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>/PbZr<sub>0.2</sub>Ti<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3</sub> system using spatially resolved characterization techniques in both real and reciprocal space. Polarized neutron reflectometry reveals a graded magnetization that results from both local structural distortions and interfacial screening of bound surface charge from the adjacent ferroelectric. Density functional theory calculations support the experimental observation that strain locally suppresses the magnetization through a change in the Mn-e<sub>g</sub> orbital polarization. We suggest that this local coupling and magnetization suppression may be tuned by controlling the manganite and ferroelectric layer thicknesses, with direct implications for device applications