Kreiranje planerskog modela razvoja subregiona južne Srbije u cilju unapređenja procesa urbanizacije, sa osvrtom na potencijale obnovljivih izvora energije

Urbanization is a profound phenomenon with extensive implications for society, the economy, and the environment. If harnessed effectively, it can catalyze significant social and economic development. From a social perspective, urbanization fosters cultural exchange and social diversity while enhancing service accessibility. However, it also has drawbacks, including exacerbating socio-economic inequalities and weakening rural areas. In terms of urban development management, urbanization poses complex challenges to local and national policies. The process is not uniform but varies significantly across different regions and countries, reflecting diverse historical, socio-economic, and cultural contexts. Consequently, understanding and addressing urbanization requires a comprehensive approach, particularly in the context of the southern Serbian subregion of Jablanica and Pčinj districts under study. This subregion is categorized as underdeveloped with developmental and demographic challenges. Despite these issues, it possesses considerable untapped renewable energy resources. The limited use of these resources leads to irreversible losses, reducing the area's appeal and adversely impacting population retention in the southern Serbian subregion. Hence, it's crucial to integrate this aspect into the planning process and utilize renewable energy sources (RES) fully with the help of modern knowledge and technologies to enhance the urbanization process. In this context, the two dominant types of renewable energy sources in the subregion, biomass and solar energy, are examined. Biomass is the principal form of renewable energy in the Jablanički and Pčinj districts due to the abundance of agricultural resources. On the local scale, the City of Vranje exhibits considerable solar potential. This research aims to develop a comprehensive, scientifically-grounded approach to explaining Serbia's urbanization phenomenon, in order to innovate the development planning model. The model is intended to enhance the quality and rate of urbanization in underdeveloped regional areas, particularly through more efficient use of renewable energy sources. In pursuit of this goal, the paper analyzes selected examples of sustainable settlement management using RES, leveraging the knowledge gained to develop the model. The southern Serbian subregion serves as a representative sample for the model's development, with the expectation of applicability to other similar territorial and functional-spatial units. Guidelines for the model's implementation are also provided, along with recommendations for its application in regions with comparable developmental characteristics

Analysis of electric power production results in South Serbia: Recommendations for improvement of operation of first mini photovoltaic power plants

Solar radiation in Serbia is for about a third higher than in Middle Europe, which represents a very favorable energy potential. Southeast Serbia is a leading area in this aspect, since the annual average of daily global radiation on a horizontal surface exceeds 4.2 kWh/m2. This paper compares four photovoltaic power plants installed in southeastern Serbia. Analyzes are done based on results from two years of power plant exploitation. The power plants are not located in the same area – there are differences between topography and altitude of their locations, which is also taken into account during analyzes. Photovoltaic modules have different orientation and inclination toward horizontal surface, and their capacity varies from 30-40 kW. The conclusion provides recommendations for improvement of production where it is actually possible

The study of effects of greenery on temperature reduction in urban areas

Urban landscape is largely characterized by high degree of built space, high share of artificial surface material and the reduction of green areas, which leads to changes in the microclimate and the deterioration of thermal comfort in out-door urban space. One of the most important roles of urban greenery is the impact on the reduction of air temperature due to less heating of green space com-pared to paved surfaces and due to tree shading. The paper analyses the influence of urban greenery on temperature reduction. Aim of the study was to measure the difference in warming up of grassy surfaces and paving materials commonly used for public areas and to evaluate the impact of tree shading on the surface cooling during the day. For this purpose, measuring of surface temperatures was performed during the summer months in 2015 in the central city zone of the city of Nis. The measuring included: grass, asphalt as most commonly used paving material, and concrete tiles commonly used for pedestrian areas. Results show the temperature of grass is significantly lower than the temperature of paved surface at any time of day. In the case of paved surfaces, temperature of shaded or partially shaded material is lower than the temperature of surface exposed to sunlight during the whole day, a temperature difference exists even after nocturnal cooling. The results indicate the importance of green areas for cooling of urban spaces, due to their lower warming and surface shading from tree canopy

Urban and architectural character of thermal ambient influences in operation of photovoltaic panels on buildings

This paper presents some basic urban and architectural requirements regarding the installation of solar panels for electricity production on buildings. These requirements are usually design ‒ aesthetic and functional ‒ constructive. However, from the thermal ambient aspect, constructor’s solution is often not in accordance with requirements of architectural and urban planning profession. It is a known fact that thermal environment impacts the yield in the solar panels production. The aim of this paper is to show, based on experience of solar power plant DOMIT, city of Leskovac, Serbia, what is the expected effect in that aspect, in order to choose the optimal solution with regard to the character of the building. The most favorable production have solar power plants built on buildings where the panels on the underside are completely open because they have the best ventilation, and therefore cooling