Emdogain (EMD) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in periodontal regeneration

Periodontitis is a major cause of adult tooth loss and is characterized by bacteria-induced inflammation and periodontal destruction. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is not only to slow down the development of periodontal disease, but also to regenerate the architectural and functional integrity of the periodontal complex, which includes the formation of new cementum together with a new connective tissue attachment between the newly formed bone and cementum.Periodontitis is a major cause of adult tooth loss and is characterized by bacteria-induced inflammation and periodontal destruction. The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is not only to slow down the development of periodontal disease, but also to regenerate the architectural and functional integrity of the periodontal complex, which includes the formation of new cementum together with a new connective tissue attachment between the newly formed bone and cementum

Nd:YAG lasers in nonsurgical periodontal treatment - a literature review

Nonsurgical periodontal therapy addresses debriding the area of bacteria, endotoxins, and hard deposits from the root surface to restore gingival health.The instrumentation is focused on the root surface and most often accomplished through manual and power scaling. Nowadays lasers can alsobe used for root debridement

The most common causes of endodontic failure

Endodontic treatment continues to focus on chemomechanical preparation and the removal of diseased tissues in order to eradicate bacteria and avoid subsequent pathologies.In addition to creating space for obturation, mechanical preparation of the canals also makes it easier to sanitize the root canal system using irrigation solutions.The presence of iatrogenic errors occurring during treatment, such as missed diagnosis, poor access cavity shape, coronal leakage, improper mechanical debridement or irrigation, untreated canals, perforations, separated instruments, poor canal obturation, and persistence of bacteria, are all linked to less effective endodontic outcome and clinical failure.Even though endodontic treatment has a high success rate, failures do happen frequently and are typically caused by the aforementioned factors

The impact of the thread design compared to the impact of the surface topography on the primary stability of implants inserted into fresh pig ribs

The aim of this investigation was to compare the effect of the thread pitch, thread profile and the surface morphology on the primary stability of implants of a different diameter. Eighty test specimens of dental im­plants were inserted into 16 untreated pig ribs, as the maximum insertion torque (MIT), periotest values (PTV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were measured. Considering the results, we concluded that the higher thread profile, even with a wider thread pitch, affects the primary stability more than the rougher surface of the implants

Bone characteristics and implant stability

The aim of this literature data review was to investigate the influence of the bone density, bone volume, cortical bone thickness and the anatomical area on the primary stability of dental implants. Understanding the effect of the bone quality could help us predict the primary stability and prevent to some extent the poor implant stability by choosing implants of different design, diameter, length or surface modification.Considering the reviewed articles, we have concluded that inserting implants in dense bone of higher quality with thick cortical portion, as well as implant placement in lower jaw could lead to higher primary stability of those implants. To enhance the primary stability in bone of poor quality we suggest the use of implants with such characteristics of the design or dimensions, which are proven to influence the primary stability of the implant in a positive way

Erbium lasers in periodontology

There are many advantages to using lasers in periodontal therapy, including better visualization of cutting, patient acceptance, and detoxification of a periodontal pocket. Other advantages are less invasive surgery to gain access, minimal wound contraction and scarring. Many of these concepts of laser therapy are posi­tive, although others still require research. There are clearly many favorable applications for lasers in peri­odontal therapy but further studies are necessary to determine in which procedures laser therapy can be best applied

Oral health in elderly patients

The number of elderly people over 65 is steadily increasing. Aging is associated with a decrease in oral health, which is regarded as a risk factor for the development of general health problems. Elderly people are more susceptible to oral cavity disorders and are far more likely to suffer from associated general diseases and physical and mental problems. Oral structures and hygiene habits change with age, oral health deteriorates, and age-related and pathological changes occur in soft and hard oral tissues.Knowledge of the possible oral changes occurring more frequently in older people is necessary in order to effectively control, restore, and maintain optimal oral health. The elderly are a distinct group in terms of care delivery that requires specific dental care. It is important that all dental professionals have the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to recognise and treat oral problems in these patients

Interdental papillae height assessment in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla

Open gingival embrasure occurs as a result of a deficiency of papilla apically to the contact point. Open gingival embrasures are a complex aesthetic and functional problem. Several risk factors lead to the development of an open gingival embrasure: aging; periodontal disease; ratio between the interdental bone and the interproximal contact point between adjacent teeth, length of the embrasure area, root angulations, and triangular-shaped crowns.The study included 1088 interdental papillae in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla of 220 individuals. The height of the interdental papillae was measured according to the classification of Nordland & Tarnow (1998). The analysis of the results showed that the frequency and severity of height loss of interdental papillae increased with age

Microglia complement signaling promotes neuronal elimination and normal brain functional connectivity

Complement signaling is thought to serve as an opsonization signal to promote the phagocytosis of synapses by microglia. However, while its role in synaptic remodeling has been demonstrated in the retino-thalamic system, it remains unclear whether complement signaling mediates synaptic pruning in the brain more generally. Here we found that mice lacking the Complement receptor 3, the major microglia complement receptor, failed to show a deficit in either synaptic pruning or axon elimination in the developing mouse cortex. Instead, mice lacking Complement receptor 3 exhibited a deficit in the perinatal elimination of neurons in the cortex, a deficit that is associated with increased cortical thickness and enhanced functional connectivity in these regions in adulthood. These data demonstrate a role for complement in promoting neuronal elimination in the developing cortex