210 research outputs found
Reliability of Theophylline Clearance in Determining Maintenance Intravenous Aminophylline Therapy
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/97186/1/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02859.x.pd
Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab treatment in children with systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis
PReS-FINAL-2041: Macrophage activation syndrome in the children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the course of tocilizumab
Background Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among individuals with a mental disorder, but symptoms often go undetected and untreated. Methods The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTSD among a large sample of adults with psychiatric diagnoses and to establish factors associated with symptoms going undetected. Participants were 1,946 adults recruited by the National Centre for Mental Health. Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and demographic information for analysis. Results The prevalence of participants screening positive for PTSD that had not been detected by clinical services was 13.9% [12.4–15.5%, 95% confidence interval]). Factors associated with undetected PTSD were female gender, younger age of first contact with psychiatric services, and lower household income. Especially, poor rates of detection were observed after traumatic events, such as child abuse and sexual assault. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the need for routine assessment of trauma histories and symptoms of PTSD among individuals with anymental disorder
PReS-FINAL-2041: Macrophage activation syndrome in the children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the course of tocilizumab
Biologic Therapy in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis – A Unique Single Centre Experience at the Scientific-Research Pediatric Centre in the Russian Federation
PReS-FINAL-2041: Macrophage activation syndrome in the children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the course of tocilizumab
Detection of theophylline utilising portable electrochemical sensors
The electrochemical oxidation of theophylline (TP) is investigated utilising screen-printed electrodes.
Through thorough investigation of pH, we propose a reaction mechanism, finding that the oxidation of
TP is stable over a wide pH range, in particular under acidic conditions. Conversely under alkaline
conditions, theophylline fouls the electrode surface. The screen-printed carbon sensors are applied
towards the electroanalytical sensing of TP with a remarkable amount of success in aqueous solution at
physiological pH. The screen-printed sensors have been shown to be applicable to the detection of TP
at unharmful, medicinally relevant (55–110 mM), and toxic concentrations in aqueous media at
physiological pH. Thus this work presents a proof-of-concept approach towards TP detection utilising
sensors commonly implemented in point-of-care applications
Protein kinase A enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2 production by human gingival fibroblasts
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>Periodontal disease is accompanied by inflammation of the gingiva and destruction of periodontal tissues, leading to alveolar bone loss in severe clinical cases. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and the chemical mediator prostaglandin E<sub>2 </sub>(PGE<sub>2</sub>) are known to play important roles in inflammatory responses and tissue degradation.</p> <p>Recently, we reported that the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89 suppresses lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-8 production by human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). In the present study, the relevance of the PKA activity and two PKA-activating drugs, aminophylline and adrenaline, to LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) and PGE<sub>2 </sub>by HGFs were examined.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>HGFs were treated with LPS from <it>Porphyromonas gingivalis </it>and H-89, the cAMP analog dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), aminophylline, or adrenaline. After 24 h, IL-6, IL-8, and PGE<sub>2 </sub>levels were evaluated by ELISA.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>H-89 did not affect LPS-induced IL-6 production, but suppressed IL-8 and PGE<sub>2 </sub>production. In contrast, dbcAMP significantly increased LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, and PGE<sub>2 </sub>production. Up to 10 μg/ml of aminophylline did not affect LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, or PGE<sub>2 </sub>production, but they were significantly increased at 100 μg/ml. Similarly, 0.01 μg/ml of adrenaline did not affect LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, or PGE<sub>2 </sub>production, but they were significantly increased at concentrations of 0.1 and 1 μg/ml. In the absence of LPS, H-89, dbcAMP, aminophylline, and adrenaline had no relevance to IL-6, IL-8, or PGE<sub>2 </sub>production.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that the PKA pathway, and also PKA-activating drugs, enhance LPS-induced IL-6, IL-8, and PGE<sub>2 </sub>production by HGFs. However, aminophylline may not have an effect on the production of these molecules at concentrations used in clinical settings (8 to 20 μg/ml in serum). These results suggest that aminophylline does not affect inflammatory responses in periodontal disease.</p
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