Role of cell wall on tomato fruit susceptibility to calcium deficiency disorder

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of Ca2+ binding to the cell wall 14 on fruit susceptibility to BER

Escaldadura superficial em maçãs Granny Smith submetidas ao tratamento térmico com cálcio.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do tratamento térmico combinado com Ca2+ sobre o desenvolvimento de escaldadura superficial em maçãs Granny Smith após o armazenamento refrigerado

Calcium partitioning and allocation and blossom-end rot development in tomato plants in response to whole-plant and fruit-specific abscisic acid treatments.

The objectives of this study were to determine Ca2+ partitioning and allocation in tomato plants and fruit in response to whole-plant and fruit-specific ABA treatments, as well as to analyse the effect of changes in Ca2+ partitioning and allocation on fruit susceptibility to BER under water stress conditions

Mechanisms regulating bitter pit development in Greensleeves apples with suppression of ethylene biosynthesis.

The objectives of this study were to understand the role of ethylene and nutrients (Ca2+,Mg2+, K+ and N) on bitter pit (BP) development in wild type (GS) and ethylene suppressed (68G and 103Y) Greensleeves apples. The transgenic line 68G is suppressed for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase (ACO) and line 103Y is suppressed for ACC synthase (ACS). Suppression of ethylene biosynthesis reduced BP incidence and severity. Lower ethylene biosynthesis, in ethylene-suppressed genotypes, had no effect on Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and N concentrations in fruit cortical tissue. In all genotypes, fruit with BP had lower Ca2+ and higher Mg2+ concentrations and higher Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio in cortical tissue. The results indicate that high levels of ethylene biosynthesis and Mg2+ in cortical tissue can enhance fruit susceptibility to BP incidence

Shaping concepts of technology : what concepts and how to shape them?

Philosophy of technology is a discipline that has much to offer for technology education. Insights into the real nature of technology and its relationship with science and society can help technology educators to build a subject that helps pupils get a good concept of technology and to learn to understand and use concepts in technology. Here the way science educators have gained from the philosophy of science, for example in the idea of the way pupils learn concepts by reconstructing pre-concepts that they picked up from daily-life experiences. Research has shown that the learning of concepts and the learning of process skills have to be connected

Post-bloom and preharvest treatment of Braeburn apple trees with prohexadione-calcium and GA4+7 affects vegetative growth and postharvest incidence of calcium-related physiological disorders and decay in the fruit.

Calcium (Ca) deficiency disorders in apple fruit have been associated with high gibberellins (GAs) activity in the tree. This study was carried out to assess the effects of treatments of ?Braeburn? apple trees with prohexadione-calcium (ProCa, an inhibitor of GAs biosynthesis) or gibberellins (GA4+7) on vegetative growth of the trees and postharvest incidence of Ca-related physiological disorders and decay in the fruit. ProCa (300?mg?L-1) or GA4+7 (300?mg?L-1) treatments were applied post-bloom (PB) and preharvest (PH). PB treatments started 15 days after full bloom (DAFB), with one application every week and six applications in total. PH treatments started five weeks before anticipated harvest (125 DAFB), with one application every week and four applications in total. Control trees were left untreated. When applied PB, ProCa reduced and GA4+7 promoted vegetative growth of the trees. ProCa PB delayed the impairment of xylem functionality (at the proximal region of the fruit) during fruit growth on the tree. Treatments had no effect on fruit weight, pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity or the expression of CAX3, CAX6 and V-ATPase (transporters of Ca into the vacuole) genes assessed in the external cortical tissue at the distal end of the fruit at harvest. When sprayed PB, ProCa increased the total Ca content and reduced K/Ca, Mg/Ca, N/Ca, (Mg?+?K)/Ca and (K?+?Mg?+?N)/Ca ratios in the flesh at the distal portion of the fruit, compared to the treatment with GA4+7, but without differing from the control. In general, ProCa application PB or PH reduced the expression of Ca-ATPase1, Ca-ATPase2, H+-PPase and CAX2 (Ca transporters into the vacuole) genes, increased total water?soluble Ca and reduced electrolyte leakage in the fruit at harvest. After two months of cold storage followed by five days of shelf-life, the incidence and severity of bitter pit (BP) was lower on fruit from trees treated with ProCa PH, and higher on fruit from trees treated with GA4+7 PB. GA4+7 PB also increased the incidence of skin cracking and decay in the fruit. The results showed that ProCa application represents a feasible tool to reduce the incidence of BP. However, ProCa is more effective to reduce BP if applied weekly for five week before harvest

A transcriptome approach towards understanding the development of ripening capacity in Bartlett pears (Pyrus communis L.).

The capacity of European pear fruit (Pyrus communis L.) to ripen after harvest develops during the final stages of growth on the tree. The objective of this study was to characterize changes in Bartlett pear fruit physico-chemical properties and transcription profiles during fruit maturation leading to attainment of ripening capacity

Comparative Assessment of Peer Review: Project Outcomes Report

This report discusses the Comparative Assessment of Peer Review (CAPR) project outcomes. The authors investigate the review process for agencies that fund scientific research