8,208 research outputs found
Purely Magnetic Spacetimes
Purely magnetic spacetimes, in which the Riemann tensor satisfies
for some unit timelike vector , are studied. The
algebraic consequences for the Weyl and Ricci tensors are examined in detail
and consideration given to the uniqueness of . Some remarks concerning the
nature of the congruence associated with are made.Comment: 12 pages, standard latex. Submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravity
Evaluation of greenwaste mulch to control runoff quality from landfill sites during frequent storms
This paper describes a preliminary evaluation of two types of greenwaste (fresh and aged) used as a mulch layer to control runoff from disturbed landfill areas. Fresh greenwaste refers to woody and herbaceous garden waste that has been recently collected, chopped and shredded. Aged greenwaste is greenwaste which has been stockpiled for 18 months. We used rainfall simulator tests to investigate two aspects: (1) the performance of greenwaste mulch in reducing runoff during designed storm events with a high frequency of occurrence and (2) the release of pollutants via runoff as total suspended solids (TSS) and total organic carbon (TOC) during rain. Rainfall of <5-year average recurrence interval (ARI) was generally applied, consistent with stormwater compliance requirements for many Australian landfills. TOC released from fresh greenwaste material was higher in concentration than from aged greenwaste. However when used as a 10cm-deep mulch layer, fresh greenwaste was able to completely prevent runoff, even when tested under rainfalls up to 50 year ARI duration. An equivalent mulch layer of aged greenwaste was also effective in reducing runoff volume and TSS concentration compared with the bare soil during a 3.5-year ARI rainfall, but mean TOC concentration was higher. Based on these preliminary results, fresh greenwaste mulching of bare soils is an attractive option to control runoff and erosion from areas subject to intermittent landfill operations and worthy of further investigations
Modeling The X-ray Timing Properties Of Cygnus X-1 As Caused By Waves Propagating In A Transition Disk
We show that waves propagating in a transition disk can explain the short
term temporal behavior of Cygnus X-1. In the transition disk model the spectrum
is produced by saturated Comptonization within the inner region of the
accretion disk where the temperature varies rapidly with radius. Recently, the
spectrum from such a disk has been shown to fit the average broad band spectrum
of this source better than that predicted by the soft-photon Comptonization
model. Here, we consider a simple model where waves are propagating
cylindrically symmetrical ly in the transition disk with a uniform propagation
speed (). We show that this model can qualitatively explain (a) the
variation of the power spectral density (PSD) with energy, (b) the hard lags as
a function of frequency and (c) the hard lags as a function of energy for
various frequencies. Thus the transition disk model can explain the average
spectrum and the short term temporal behavior of Cygnus X-1.Comment: accepted for publication in APJ letter
Length and time scale divergences at the magnetization-reversal transition in the Ising model
The divergences of both the length and time scales, at the magnetization-
reversal transition in Ising model under a pulsed field, have been studied in
the linearized limit of the mean field theory. Both length and time scales are
shown to diverge at the transition point and it has been checked that the
nature of the time scale divergence agrees well with the result obtained from
the numerical solution of the mean field equation of motion. Similar growths in
length and time scales are also observed, as one approaches the transition
point, using Monte Carlo simulations. However, these are not of the same nature
as the mean field case. Nucleation theory provides a qualitative argument which
explains the nature of the time scale growth. To study the nature of growth of
the characteristic length scale, we have looked at the cluster size
distribution of the reversed spin domains and defined a pseudo-correlation
length which has been observed to grow at the phase boundary of the transition.Comment: 9 pages Latex, 3 postscript figure
The impact of rain water on soil pore networks following irrigation with saline-sodic water
The soil pore network is an important factor affecting soil hydraulic conductivity (Ksat). In this study we examine the effect on the soil pore network of a Red Ferrosol caused by irrigation with good quality irrigation water (GQW), as well as saline-sodic water with varying sodium absorption ratios (SAR; 10, 50 and 120) and constant electrical conductivity (EC; 2 dS m-1), followed by application of distilled water (simulating rain water). The Ksat was measured for the different waters before and after applying the rain water to the soil. Soil samples were taken from different depths (1, 4 and 8 cm) for exchangeable cations measurement and the changes in ESP of the soil. Soil horizontal cross-sections were taken from the first 2 cm of the soil cores after drying with acetone and impregnation with polyester resin mixed with green fluorescent dye catalyst and hardener. These sections were polished and visualized under a microscope to investigate the changes in the soil pore network. By increasing the SAR of the water applied from 0.11 (GQW) to SAR 50 and 120, a significant reduction in Ksat was found, alongside a significant increase in the ESP of the soil from 3 to 10 and 11, respectively; this was most evident near the soil surface. After applying rain water, the Ksat reduced significantly approaching 0 mm h-1 where soil was treated with water of SAR 120. Visualisation of the soil pore network of the treated soils following the application of deionised water clearly showed a reduction in soil macroporosity where water quality of SAR ≥10 was applied, even where soils were non-sodic. Where irrigation occurred with good quality, low SAR water, this reduction was not evident
Tunneling between Dilute GaAs Hole Layers
We report interlayer tunneling measurements between very dilute
two-dimensional GaAs hole layers. Surprisingly, the shape and
temperature-dependence of the tunneling spectrum can be explained with a Fermi
liquid-based tunneling model, but the peak amplitude is much larger than
expected from the available hole band parameters. Data as a function of
parallel magnetic field reveal additional anomalous features, including a
recurrence of a zero-bias tunneling peak at very large fields. In a
perpendicular magnetic field, we observe a robust and narrow tunneling peak at
total filling factor , signaling the formation of a bilayer quantum
Hall ferromagnet.Comment: Revised to include additional data, new discussion
Peristaltic Transport of a Rheological Fluid: Model for Movement of Food Bolus Through Esophagus
Fluid mechanical peristaltic transport through esophagus has been of concern
in the paper. A mathematical model has been developed with an aim to study the
peristaltic transport of a rheological fluid for arbitrary wave shapes and tube
lengths. The Ostwald-de Waele power law of viscous fluid is considered here to
depict the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid. The model is formulated and
analyzed with the specific aim of exploring some important information
concerning the movement of food bolus through the esophagus. The analysis has
been carried out by using lubrication theory. The study is particularly
suitable for cases where the Reynolds number is small. The esophagus is treated
as a circular tube through which the transport of food bolus takes places by
periodic contraction of the esophageal wall. Variation of different variables
concerned with the transport phenomena such as pressure, flow velocity,
particle trajectory and reflux are investigated for a single wave as well as
for a train of periodic peristaltic waves. Locally variable pressure is seen to
be highly sensitive to the flow index `n'. The study clearly shows that
continuous fluid transport for Newtonian/rheological fluids by wave train
propagation is much more effective than widely spaced single wave propagation
in the case of peristaltic movement of food bolus in the esophagus.Comment: Accepted for publication in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (AMM),
Springe
Gluon Condensates, Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Pion Wave Function
We consider here chiral symmetry breaking in quantum chromodynamics arising
from gluon condensates in vacuum. Through coherent states of gluons simulating
a mean field type of approximation, we show that the off-shell gluon
condensates of vacuum generate a mass-like contribution for the quarks, giving
rise to chiral symmetry breaking. We next note that spontaneous breaking of
global chiral symmetry links the four component quark field operator to the
pion wave function. This in turn yields many hadronic properties in the light
quark sector in agreement with experiments, leading to the conclusion that low
energy hadron properties are primarily driven by the vacuum structure of
quantum chromodynamics.Comment: 25 pages, IP/BBSR/92-76, revte
Mean field and Monte Carlo studies of the magnetization-reversal transition in the Ising model
Detailed mean field and Monte Carlo studies of the dynamic
magnetization-reversal transition in the Ising model in its ordered phase under
a competing external magnetic field of finite duration have been presented
here. Approximate analytical treatment of the mean field equations of motion
shows the existence of diverging length and time scales across this dynamic
transition phase boundary. These are also supported by numerical solutions of
the complete mean field equations of motion and the Monte Carlo study of the
system evolving under Glauber dynamics in both two and three dimensions.
Classical nucleation theory predicts different mechanisms of domain growth in
two regimes marked by the strength of the external field, and the nature of the
Monte Carlo phase boundary can be comprehended satisfactorily using the theory.
The order of the transition changes from a continuous to a discontinuous one as
one crosses over from coalescence regime (stronger field) to nucleation regime
(weaker field). Finite size scaling theory can be applied in the coalescence
regime, where the best fit estimates of the critical exponents are obtained for
two and three dimensions.Comment: 16 pages latex, 13 ps figures, typos corrected, references adde
Failure of Scattering Interference in the Pseudogap State of Cuprate Superconductors
We calculate scattering interference patterns for various electronic states
proposed for the pseudogap regime of the cuprate superconductors. The
scattering interference models all produce patterns whose wavelength changes as
a function of energy, in contradiction to the energy-independent wavelength
seen by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments in the pseudogap state.
This suggests that the patterns seen in STM local density of states
measurements are not due to scattering interference, but are rather the result
of some form of ordering.Comment: To be submitted to Phys. Rev.
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