REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL, AS THE DOMINANT SOURCE OF PROTEIN IN AQUACULTURE, WITH ALTERNATIVE NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS

Redukcija i moguća eliminacija ribljeg brašna i ribljeg ulja iz hranidbe akvakulturnih vrsta jedan je od prioriteta u akvakulturi, te područje od velikog interesa i istraživanja. Zbog rastuće potrebe za ribom, u pogledu ljudske prehrane te visokog udjela ribljeg brašna u hranidbi akvakulturnih vrsta, globalni trend pretjeranog izlova ribe je postao ozbiljan problem. Kako uzgoj riba u svijetu neprestano raste, nužno je pronaći dobar i ekonomičan alternativni izvor proteina u hranidbi akvakulturnih vrsta. Riblje brašno je još uvijek esencijalna komponenta u hranidbi karnivornih riba pa je u budućnosti upitna njegova dovoljna količina za potrebe uzgoja. Zamjena ribljeg brašna dovesti će do komercijalizacije alternativnih komponenti hrane, što će za posljedicu izazvati manju eksploatiranost morskih resursa od strane proizvođača i uzgajivača riba širom svijeta. U radu se daje pregled znanstvenih istraživanja alternativnih hranidbenih komponenti koje se koriste kao zamjene ribljeg brašna u hranidbi raznih vrsta riba i ostalih akvakulturnih organizama.Reduction and possible elimination of fish meal and fish oil from the nutrition of aqua cultural fish species is one of the priorities in nowadays research. Due to the growing needs for fish for human consumption and the cost of fishmeal respectively, the global trend of excessive fishing has up to now become a serious problem. Also, as global fish farming continues to increase, the need for good and cost-effective protein sources is increasingly important. Fish meal is still an essential ingredient in diets for carnivorous fish and fish meal availability in sufficient quantities for the future farming is questioned. Replacement of fishmeal in fish feed will lead to the commercialization of the alternatives, marine fish resources will be less exploited by the manufacturers and seafood farmers worldwide. The paper provides a review of scientific research on alternative dietary components used as a substitute in fish meal for various fish species and other aquaculture organisms

REPLACEMENT OF FISH MEAL, AS THE DOMINANT SOURCE OF PROTEIN IN AQUACULTURE, WITH ALTERNATIVE NUTRITIONAL COMPONENTS

Redukcija i moguća eliminacija ribljeg brašna i ribljeg ulja iz hranidbe akvakulturnih vrsta jedan je od prioriteta u akvakulturi, te područje od velikog interesa i istraživanja. Zbog rastuće potrebe za ribom, u pogledu ljudske prehrane te visokog udjela ribljeg brašna u hranidbi akvakulturnih vrsta, globalni trend pretjeranog izlova ribe je postao ozbiljan problem. Kako uzgoj riba u svijetu neprestano raste, nužno je pronaći dobar i ekonomičan alternativni izvor proteina u hranidbi akvakulturnih vrsta. Riblje brašno je još uvijek esencijalna komponenta u hranidbi karnivornih riba pa je u budućnosti upitna njegova dovoljna količina za potrebe uzgoja. Zamjena ribljeg brašna dovesti će do komercijalizacije alternativnih komponenti hrane, što će za posljedicu izazvati manju eksploatiranost morskih resursa od strane proizvođača i uzgajivača riba širom svijeta. U radu se daje pregled znanstvenih istraživanja alternativnih hranidbenih komponenti koje se koriste kao zamjene ribljeg brašna u hranidbi raznih vrsta riba i ostalih akvakulturnih organizama.Reduction and possible elimination of fish meal and fish oil from the nutrition of aqua cultural fish species is one of the priorities in nowadays research. Due to the growing needs for fish for human consumption and the cost of fishmeal respectively, the global trend of excessive fishing has up to now become a serious problem. Also, as global fish farming continues to increase, the need for good and cost-effective protein sources is increasingly important. Fish meal is still an essential ingredient in diets for carnivorous fish and fish meal availability in sufficient quantities for the future farming is questioned. Replacement of fishmeal in fish feed will lead to the commercialization of the alternatives, marine fish resources will be less exploited by the manufacturers and seafood farmers worldwide. The paper provides a review of scientific research on alternative dietary components used as a substitute in fish meal for various fish species and other aquaculture organisms

CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL AND ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION CANCERS

Rak jednjaka i ezofagogastričnog prijelaza obuhvaća histološki i biološki različite zloćudne tumore kod kojih se napredak u razumijevanju ovih bolesti još nije pretočio u znatnije poboljšanje preživljenja oboljelih. Dijagnoza se postavlja biopsijom učinjenom tijekom ezofagogastroskopije. Liječenje lokoregionalne bolesti najčešće je multimodalno te uključuje kirurgiju, radioterapiju i kemoterapiju. Utvrđivanje njihova optimalnog redoslijeda predmet je brojnih kliničkih ispitivanja i metaanaliza. Metastatska bolest liječi se palijativnom kemoterapijom i suportivnom terapijom. Odluku o liječenju donosi multidisciplinarni tim individualiziranim pristupom svakom bolesniku. U tekstu koji slijedi sadržane su kliničke upute radi standardizacije dijagnostičkih postupaka, liječenja i praćenja bolesnika s rakom jednjaka i ezofagogastričnog prijelaza u Republici Hrvatskoj.Esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers comprise histologically and biologically different malignant tumors in which the progress in the understanding of the disease has not been followed by the improvement in the survival. Diagnosis is set by tumor biopsy during endoscopy. Multimodal approaches containing surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are frequently applied in the treatment of locoregionally advanced disease. However, the optimal sequence of the treatment options is still the issue of numerous clinical trials and meta-analyzes. Metastatic disease is treated with palliative chemotherapy and best supportive care. Treatment decisions should be individualized according to patients’ characteristics and made after multidisciplinary team discussion. The following text presents the clinical guidelines in order to standardize the diagnostic procedures, treatment and monitoring of patients with esophageal and esophagogastric junction cancers in the Republic of Croatia

Bypassing major venous occlusion and duodenal lesions in rats, and therapy with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine

AIM: To investigate whether duodenal lesions induced by major venous occlusions can be attenuated by BPC 157 regardless nitric oxide (NO) system involvement. ----- METHODS: Male Wistar rats underwent superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (SAPDV)-ligation and were treated with a bath at the ligated SAPDV site (BPC 157 10 μg, 10 ng/kg per 1 mL bath/rat; L-NAME 5 mg/kg per 1 mL bath/rat; L-arginine 100 mg/kg per 1 mL bath/rat, alone and/or together; or BPC 157 10 μg/kg instilled into the rat stomach, at 1 min ligation-time). We recorded the vessel presentation (filled/appearance or emptied/disappearance) between the 5 arcade vessels arising from the SAPDV on the ventral duodenum side, the inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (IAPDV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) as bypassing vascular pathway to document the duodenal lesions presentation; increased NO- and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)]-levels in duodenum. ----- RESULTS: Unlike the severe course in the SAPDV-ligated controls, after BPC 157 application, the rats exhibited strong attenuation of the mucosal lesions and serosal congestion, improved vessel presentation, increased interconnections, increased branching by more than 60% from the initial value, the IAPDV and SMV were not congested. Interestingly, after 5 min and 30 min of L-NAME and L-arginine treatment alone, decreased mucosal and serosal duodenal lesions were observed; their effect was worsened at 24 h, and no effect on the collateral vessels and branching was seen. Together, L-NAME+L-arginine antagonized each other's response, and thus, there was an NO-related effect. With BPC 157, all SAPDV-ligated rats receiving L-NAME and/or L-arginine appeared similar to the rats treated with BPC 157 alone. Also, BPC 157 in SAPDV-ligated rats normalized levels of NO and MDA, two oxidative stress markers, in duodenal tissues. ----- CONCLUSION: BPC 157, rapidly bypassing occlusion, rescued the original duodenal flow through IAPDV to SMV flow, an effect related to the NO system and reduction of free radical formation

CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL AND ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION CANCERS

Rak jednjaka i ezofagogastričnog prijelaza obuhvaća histološki i biološki različite zloćudne tumore kod kojih se napredak u razumijevanju ovih bolesti još nije pretočio u znatnije poboljšanje preživljenja oboljelih. Dijagnoza se postavlja biopsijom učinjenom tijekom ezofagogastroskopije. Liječenje lokoregionalne bolesti najčešće je multimodalno te uključuje kirurgiju, radioterapiju i kemoterapiju. Utvrđivanje njihova optimalnog redoslijeda predmet je brojnih kliničkih ispitivanja i metaanaliza. Metastatska bolest liječi se palijativnom kemoterapijom i suportivnom terapijom. Odluku o liječenju donosi multidisciplinarni tim individualiziranim pristupom svakom bolesniku. U tekstu koji slijedi sadržane su kliničke upute radi standardizacije dijagnostičkih postupaka, liječenja i praćenja bolesnika s rakom jednjaka i ezofagogastričnog prijelaza u Republici Hrvatskoj

CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND MONITORING OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGEAL AND ESOPHAGOGASTRIC JUNCTION CANCERS

Rak jednjaka i ezofagogastričnog prijelaza obuhvaća histološki i biološki različite zloćudne tumore kod kojih se napredak u razumijevanju ovih bolesti još nije pretočio u znatnije poboljšanje preživljenja oboljelih. Dijagnoza se postavlja biopsijom učinjenom tijekom ezofagogastroskopije. Liječenje lokoregionalne bolesti najčešće je multimodalno te uključuje kirurgiju, radioterapiju i kemoterapiju. Utvrđivanje njihova optimalnog redoslijeda predmet je brojnih kliničkih ispitivanja i metaanaliza. Metastatska bolest liječi se palijativnom kemoterapijom i suportivnom terapijom. Odluku o liječenju donosi multidisciplinarni tim individualiziranim pristupom svakom bolesniku. U tekstu koji slijedi sadržane su kliničke upute radi standardizacije dijagnostičkih postupaka, liječenja i praćenja bolesnika s rakom jednjaka i ezofagogastričnog prijelaza u Republici Hrvatskoj