Variation in wellbeing attributable to the site, setting, and individual levels.

1<p>From a linear mixed model adjusted for age and gender and including random effects for sites and care settings.</p>2<p>Institutions or community clusters sampled within sites.</p>3<p>Percent reduction in overall variance upon introduction of dichotomous variable and random site-level slopes for setting type, conditional on site, age, and gender.</p><p>Variation in wellbeing attributable to the site, setting, and individual levels.</p

Changes in wellbeing of orphaned and separated children over 3 years, at the individual level and the institution or community cluster level.

<p>Sample size: Height for age – 252 community clusters, 1231 children; 73 institutions, 916 children. BMI for age – 247 community clusters, 1215 children; 73 institutions, 928 children. Total difficulties score, caregiver report – 245 community clusters, 1210 children; 69 institutions, 866 children. Total difficulties score, self-report – 38 community clusters, 326 children; 36 institutions, 221 children. Cognition (K-ABC II) – 256 community clusters, 1284 children; 73 institutions, 958 children. California Verbal Learning Test – 253 community clusters, 1268 children; 73 institutions, 944 children. The number of observations for self-reported total difficulties score is lower because only children at least 11 years old were asked for self-report. Numbers of observations vary across outcomes because of missing baseline or follow-up data (children) and because mean changes were only calculated for community clusters and institutions with at least 3 children with a change measure.</p

Sample characteristics at baseline, among those retained at 36 months and those lost to follow-up.

1<p>Means (standard deviations; sd) and frequencies (percentages; %) at baseline among those retained at 36 months.</p>2<p>Means (standard deviations; sd) and frequencies (percentages; %) at baseline among those lost to follow-up at 36 months.</p>3<p>Frequencies (percentages; %) of institution-based and family-based children, respectively.</p><p>Sample characteristics at baseline, among those retained at 36 months and those lost to follow-up.</p

Child outcomes in institution and community-based care settings at baseline and after 36 months.

1<p>Baseline values include only those children who were not later lost to follow-up.</p>2<p>Difference represents child-level changes between baseline and follow-up.</p>3<p>Weighted difference accounts for age and sex differences in the distribution of children across study sites and differential rates of attrition between baseline and follow-up.</p><p>CVLT: California Verbal Learning Test. SDQ-CG: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Caregiver Report. SDQ-SR: SDQ, Self Report.</p><p>Child outcomes in institution and community-based care settings at baseline and after 36 months.</p